# 囊肿（Cyst）

- 器官 / 系统：肾上腺 / 内分泌系统（adrenal-gland / endocrine-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0070
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/adrenal-gland-cyst.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#adrenal-gland-cyst
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/endocrine-system/adrenal-gland/Cyst
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
肾上腺囊肿（Adrenal cysts）（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3）由立方上皮至纤毛柱状上皮衬覆，可含有无定形至絮状、嗜酸性物质。

## 病变描述（中文）
肾上腺囊肿（Adrenal cysts）（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3）由立方上皮至纤毛柱状上皮衬覆，可含有无定形至絮状、嗜酸性物质。它们可位于皮质或髓质，并可导致邻近组织不同程度的扭曲或压迫。这些轻微病变在小鼠中比在大鼠中更常见，通常为偶然发生的、自发性的改变，无临床或毒理学意义。皮质囊肿必须与血管扩张（angiectasis，即含血液、由扁平内皮细胞衬覆的扩张血管通道）相鉴别。大鼠的皮质囊肿还必须与囊性变性（cystic degeneration）相鉴别，后者是某些大鼠品系中的常见病变，其特征为不规则的、常为较大的空腔化空间，充满蛋白性液体，但缺乏真性囊肿的上皮衬覆（Figure 2、Figure 3）。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
肾上腺囊肿仅在以与处理相关的发生率增加出现时才应诊断。在这些情况下，应予以诊断，但不赋予严重程度分级。诊断时，应在诊断中纳入适当的部位修饰词（即皮质或髓质），以指示囊肿的位置。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Adrenal cysts ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , and Figure 3 ) are lined by cuboidal to ciliated columnar epithelium and may contain amorphous to flocculent, eosinophilic material. They may be located in the cortex or medulla and may cause variable distortion or compression of the adjacent tissue. These minor findings are more common in mice than in rats and are usually incidental, spontaneous changes of no clinical or toxicologic relevance. Cortical cysts must be distinguished from angiectasis (dilated vascular channels containing blood and lined by flat endothelial cells). Cortical cysts in rats must also be distinguished from cystic degeneration, a common lesion in certain rat strains, which features irregular, often large cavitated spaces filled with proteinaceous fluid but lack the epithelial lining of true cysts ( Figure 2 and Figure 3 ).

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Adrenal gland cysts should be diagnosed only if they occur with treatment-related increased incidences. In these cases, they should be diagnosed but not assigned of a severity grade. When diagnosed, an appropriate site modifier (i.e., cortex or medulla) should be included in the diagnosis to indicate the location of the cyst.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0234.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0236.jpg

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