# 囊肿（Cyst）

- 器官 / 系统：骨 / 骨骼肌肉系统（bone / musculoskeletal-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0571
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/bone-cyst.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#bone-cyst
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/musculoskeletal-system/bone/Cyst
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
皮质骨囊肿（动脉瘤）的特征是皮质和/或骨髓腔被由薄层皮质骨壁构成的膨胀性囊性空间所扩张（Figure 1）。

## 病变描述（中文）
皮质骨囊肿（动脉瘤）的特征是皮质和/或骨髓腔被由薄层皮质骨壁构成的膨胀性囊性空间所扩张（Figure 1）。这些病变的膨胀性质可能引起周围骨的压迫性萎缩，伴有骨小梁或皮质骨的丢失并被结缔组织取代（Figure 2）。骨囊肿可为单房性（Figure 3）或多房性，并可含有数量不等的红细胞、纤维蛋白或蛋白性物质（Figure 4）。孤立性骨囊肿在F344大鼠中罕见观察到，其意义和发病机制尚不清楚。这些病变可发生于骨干的任何部位；然而，在大鼠中，囊肿可作为关节退变或骨软骨病的组成部分发生于软骨下骨内。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
观察到孤立性骨囊肿时应作出诊断。然而，当囊肿作为骨软骨病（在Sprague-Dawley大鼠中表现为发育缺陷）的原发性病变或关节退变的组成部分发生时，不应作出诊断。这些病变代表B6C3F1小鼠和F344大鼠中的散发性背景性过程；骨囊肿的增加尚未与化学物暴露相关联。继发性病变，如萎缩，除非严重程度足以支持，否则不应单独诊断。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Cortical bone cysts (aneurysms) are characterized by expansion of the cortex and/or marrow cavity by an expansile cystic space composed of a thin wall of cortical bone ( Figure 1 ). The expansile nature of these lesions may induce pressure atrophy of the surrounding bone, with loss of bony trabeculae or cortical bone and replacement by connective tissue ( Figure 2 ). Bone cysts may be unilocular ( Figure 3 ) or multilocular and may contain variable amounts of erythrocytes, fibrin, or proteinic material ( Figure 4 ). Solitary bone cysts are rarely observed in the F344 rat, and their significance and pathogenesis are not known. These lesions may occur anywhere along the diaphysis; however, cysts may occur within the subchondral bone as a component of joint degeneration or osteochondrosis in the rat.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Solitary bone cysts should be diagnosed when observed. However, when a cyst occurs as a component of a primary lesion of osteochondrosis (seen as a developmental defect in Sprague-Dawley rats) or degeneration of the joint, it should not be diagnosed. These lesions represent sporadic background processes in the B6C3F1 mouse and F344 rat; increases in bone cysts have not been associated with chemical exposures. Secondary lesions, such as atrophy, should not be diagnosed separately unless warranted by severity.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0504.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0505.jpg

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