# 骨增多（Increased Bone）

- 器官 / 系统：骨 / 骨骼肌肉系统（bone / musculoskeletal-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0579
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/bone-increased-bone.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#bone-increased-bone
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/musculoskeletal-system/bone/IncreasedBone
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
骨量增多（Increased bone）定义为正常骨的过度生长。该病变的特征是成熟皮质骨（cortical bone，致密骨）和松质骨（cancellous bone，骨小梁、海绵骨）形成量增加，导致皮质骨和骨小梁普遍性增厚、骨髓腔缩小（Figure 1、Figure 2）。

## 病变描述（中文）
骨量增多（Increased bone）定义为正常骨的过度生长。该病变的特征是成熟皮质骨（cortical bone，致密骨）和松质骨（cancellous bone，骨小梁、海绵骨）形成量增加，导致皮质骨和骨小梁普遍性增厚、骨髓腔缩小（Figure 1、Figure 2）。骨量增多源于破骨细胞（osteoclast）介导的骨吸收减少或成骨细胞（osteoblast）介导的骨形成增加。目前用于描述骨的非肿瘤性增殖的术语往往混乱且不一致，同一病变被描述为骨质增生症（hyperostosis）、骨增生（bony hyperplasia）、骨硬化症（osteopetrosis）、骨硬化（osteosclerosis）、反应性骨（reactive bone）、骨增殖（bony proliferation）和外生骨疣（exostoses）。推荐使用“骨量增多”这一术语，以避免命名上的冗余以及研究结果解释中的混淆。虽然作为治疗相关效应罕见观察到，但骨量增多是老年F344大鼠中偶尔可见的背景性病变，雌性比雄性更常受累。该病变更常累及颅骨而非长骨，导致骨髓腔缩小或消失，颅骨和鼻甲骨显著增厚且致密。在大鼠中，雌激素毒性导致干骺端骨小梁的骨吸收减少，引起髓质骨致密增厚及骨整体长度缩短。据报道，在涉及鼻腔慢性炎症的长期研究中，鼻腔鼻甲可出现骨量增多（Figure 3、Figure 4）。当少量纤维结缔组织沿骨质增生骨的骨小梁沉积时，错误地使用了“纤维性骨营养不良（fibrous osteodystrophy）”这一术语。纤维性骨营养不良与成熟骨的丢失相关，因此当存在骨沉积增加时不应作出该诊断。相反，在许多病例中，这种纤维化成分是骨量增多的正常组成成分。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
虽然骨量增多通常是一种背景性病变，但应作出诊断并给出严重程度分级。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Increased bone is defined as excessive growth of normal bone. The lesion is characterized by increased amounts of mature cortical (compact) and cancellous (trabecular, spongy) bone formation, resulting in generalized thickening of the cortices and trabeculae with diminution of marrow spaces ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). Increased bone results from either decreased resorption of bone by osteoclasts or increased bone formation by osteoblasts. The current terminology used to describe the nonneoplastic proliferation of bone is often confusing and inconsistent, with the same lesion being described as hyperostosis, bony hyperplasia, osteopetrosis, osterosclerosis, reactive bone, bony proliferation, and exostoses. The use of the term "increased bone" is recommended to prevent redundancy in the nomenclature and confusion in interpretation of study findings. While rarely observed as a treatment-related effect, an increased amount of bone is an occasional background lesion seen in aged F344 rats, with females more commonly affected than males. This lesion more commonly affects the cranium than the long bones and results in diminished or nonexistent marrow cavities and markedly thickened and dense cranial and nasal turbinate bones. In rats, estrogen toxicity results in decreased bone resorption from metaphyseal trabeculae, leading to densely thickened medullary bone and overall shortened length of the bone. Increased bone in the nasal cavity turbinates has been reported to occur in long-term studies involving chronic inflammation of the nasal cavity ( Figure 3 and Figure 4 ). The term "fibrous osteodystrophy" is incorrectly used when there are small amounts of fibrous connective tissue deposited along trabeculae of hyperostotic bone. Fibrous osteodystrophy is associated with loss of mature bone and thus should not be diagnosed when there is increased deposition of bone. Rather, this fibrotic component is a normal constituent of an increase in bone in many cases.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
While it is usually a background lesion, increased bone should be diagnosed and given a severity grade.

## 配图
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