# 椎间盘变性（Intervertebral Disc Degeneration）

- 器官 / 系统：骨 / 骨骼肌肉系统（bone / musculoskeletal-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0573
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/bone-intervertebral-disc-degeneration.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#bone-intervertebral-disc-degeneration
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/musculoskeletal-system/bone/IntervertebralDisc-Degeneration
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
椎间盘的功能是传递由体重和运动产生的机械负荷。椎间盘由外层的纤维结缔组织环（纤维环）和凝胶状核心（髓核）组成，后者由嵌入软骨黏液样基质中的胶原和弹性蛋白纤维构成，基质中水和蛋白聚糖含量高。

## 病变描述（中文）
椎间盘的功能是传递由体重和运动产生的机械负荷。椎间盘由外层的纤维结缔组织环（纤维环）和凝胶状核心（髓核）组成，后者由嵌入软骨黏液样基质中的胶原和弹性蛋白纤维构成，基质中水和蛋白聚糖含量高。椎间盘疾病以髓核的软骨黏液样变性为特征。一般而言，这是一种与年龄相关的病变，由髓核中水和蛋白聚糖的丢失所致。髓核发生不同程度的纤维软骨化生，变得易碎、碎裂或出现裂隙。纤维环不规则并变薄，最终向背侧突出进入椎管（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3、Figure 4、Figure 5）。椎间盘疾病在啮齿类动物中通常是一种与年龄相关的变化，并可能伴有与骨重塑、软骨终板改变或关节疾病（脊椎关节强硬、关节病）相关的各种变化，具体取决于严重程度和慢性程度。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
“骨，椎间盘 - 变性”在观察到时应当诊断并给出严重程度分级。骨或软骨中的相关变化无需单独诊断，除非其严重程度确有必要；这些变化可在叙述中描述。脊髓的变性如果严重程度确有必要，应当单独诊断。

## 英文原文 · Comment
The intervertebral disc functions to transmit mechanical loads arising from body weight and movement. The disc is composed of an outer ring of fibrous connective tissue (annulus) and a gelatinous core (nucleus pulposus) composed of collagen and elastin fibers embedded in a chondromucinous matrix with a high water and proteoglycan content. Intervertebral disc disease is characterized by chondromucinous degeneration of the nucleus pulposus. In general, this is an age-related lesion that occurs as the result of loss of water and proteoglycans in the nucleus pulposus. The nucleus pulposa undergoes variable degrees of fibrocartilaginous metaplasia and becomes friable, fragmented, or clefted. There is irregularity and thinning of the annulus and eventual dorsal herniation into the vertebral canal ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , and Figure 5 ). Intervertebral disc disease is typically an age-related change in rodents and may be accompanied by variable changes related to bony remodeling, alterations to the cartilaginous endplates, or joint disease (spondylosis, arthrosis), depending on severity and chronicity.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
"Bone, Intervertebral disc - Degeneration" should be diagnosed and given a severity grade whenever observed. Associated changes in the bone or cartilage do not need to be diagnosed separately unless warranted by their severity; they can be described in the narrative. Degeneration of the spinal cord should be diagnosed separately if warranted by the severity.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0522.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0523.jpg

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