# 肥大细胞性细胞浸润（Infiltration Cellular Mast Cell）

- 器官 / 系统：骨髓 / 造血系统（bone-marrow / hematopoietic-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0434
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/bone-marrow-infiltration-cellular-mast-cell.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#bone-marrow-infiltration-cellular-mast-cell
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/hematopoietic-system/bone-marrow/InfiltrationCellularMastCell
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
肥大细胞浸润是一种反应性改变，定义为与同期对照相比，形态正常的肥大细胞呈疏松散在分布且数量增多。

## 病变描述（中文）
肥大细胞浸润是一种反应性改变，定义为与同期对照相比，形态正常的肥大细胞呈疏松散在分布且数量增多。在大鼠中，肥大细胞在骨髓中数量相对较多，约占所有有核骨髓细胞的1-3%，这与犬不同，犬骨髓细胞学中极少观察到肥大细胞，而人类则占所有有核骨髓细胞不足0.1%。关于小鼠骨髓中肥大细胞总数所知较少。典型的肥大细胞呈圆形至卵圆形，核位于中央或稍偏位、呈圆形，胞质淡染颗粒状，如在苏木精-伊红（hematoxylin and eosin，H&E）染色的组织学切片上所見（Figure 1、Figure 2）。用大多数罗曼诺夫斯基型染色（如Giemsa），肥大细胞因其异染性胞质颗粒而易于识别（Figure 3、Figure 4）。啮齿类动物骨髓肥大细胞增多的原因尚未明确。在人类和犬中，肥大细胞浸润继发于炎症、寄生虫感染、尿毒症（肾衰竭）、再生障碍性贫血、骨质疏松症和血液系统疾病（如白血病前期、淋巴增殖性疾病）等状况。肥大细胞增多可能伴有淋巴细胞和浆细胞增多。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
由于啮齿类动物骨髓中正常肥大细胞数量的变异性，当在处理组动物中观察到骨髓肥大细胞 perceived 增多时，与同期对照的比较尤为重要。肥大细胞数量增多应始终记录并给予严重程度分级。“肥大细胞增多症（mastocytosis）”一词不应替代肥大细胞浸润的诊断。在人类中，肥大细胞增多症是指一组异质性疾病（其中大多数已被证明为克隆性，并包括人类相当于肥大细胞瘤的疾病），其特征为肥大细胞在一个或多个器官系统中异常生长和积聚。当肥大细胞呈多灶性（multifocal）或弥漫性（diffuse）、密集紧凑的簇状或片状分布时，诊断为啮齿类动物骨髓肥大细胞瘤是恰当的。然而，疏松散在的肥大细胞数量增多本身即足以诊断为浸润，除非有其他标准（如非典型形态、其他部位的肥大细胞瘤）提示肿瘤性病变。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Mast cell infiltration is a reactive change defined as increased numbers of loosely scattered, morphologically normal mast cells compared with concurrent controls. In rats, mast cells are present in relatively high numbers in the bone marrow, comprising approximately 1-3% of all nucleated bone marrow cells, in contrast to dogs, where they are rarely observed in bone marrow cytology, and humans, where they comprise less than 0.1% of all nucleated bone marrow cells. Less is known about total mast cell numbers in the bone marrow of mice. Typical mast cells are round to oval with a central to slightly eccentric, round nucleus and a pale granular cytoplasm as seen on hematoxylin and eosin–stained histologic slides ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). With most Romanowsky-type stains (e.g., Giemsa), mast cells are easily identified by their metachromatic cytoplasmic granules ( Figure 3 and Figure 4 ). The causes of increased bone marrow mast cells in rodents are not well defined. In humans and dogs, mast cell infiltration is secondary to such conditions as inflammation, parasitism, uremia (renal failure), aplastic anemia, osteoporosis, and hematologic diseases (e.g., preleukemias, lymphoproliferative diseases). The increased mast cells may be accompanied by increases in lymphocytes and plasma cells.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Because of the variability of normal mast cell numbers in rodent bone marrow, comparison with concurrent controls is especially important when a perceived increase in marrow mast cells is observed in treated animals. Increases in numbers of mast cells should always be recorded and given a severity grade. The term “mastocytosis” should not be used in lieu of the diagnosis of mast cell infiltration. In humans, mastocytosis refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders (most of which have been shown to be clonal and includes the human equivalent of mast cell tumors) characterized by abnormal growth and accumulation of mast cells in one or more organ systems. The diagnosis of a bone marrow mast cell tumor in rodents is appropriate when mast cells are found in multifocal or diffuse, dense compact clusters or sheets. However, the presence of increased numbers of loosely scattered mast cells in and of itself warrants a diagnosis of infiltration, unless other criteria (e.g., atypical morphology, mast cell tumor in another location) are indicative of neoplasia.

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