# 血管扩张（Angiectasis）

- 器官 / 系统：脑 / 神经系统（brain / nervous-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0395
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/brain-angiectasis.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#brain-angiectasis
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/nervous-system/brain/Angiectasis
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
Figure 1、Figure 2 展示了血管扩张（angiectasis）的一个示例。

## 病变描述（中文）
Figure 1、Figure 2 展示了血管扩张（angiectasis）的一个示例。识别脑内局灶性增多的、结构相对正常的血管，是自发性偶然性血管扩张的标志性特征。此处小脑脑膜内可见数条扩张的血管静脉，其中部分血管内已发生血栓形成（Figure 1，箭头）。此类相互连通的异常窦样血管内可能存在的湍流血流会激活凝血级联反应，从而导致血栓形成。Figure 2 以更高放大倍数展示了与 Figure 1 相同的标本。注意内皮外观正常。将此类血管改变与血管瘤（hemangioma）和血管肉瘤（hemangiosarcoma）相鉴别十分重要。在血管肉瘤中，肿瘤具有压迫性和浸润性，血管直径不一，多为毛细血管性质，而在最恶性的类型中，内皮细胞核异常肥大并伴有梭形间质。应尝试对血管扩张与血管瘤进行区分，尽管这种区分并不总是显而易见。血管瘤倾向于为边界清楚、无包膜的肿块，由紧密排列的扩张血管腔隙构成。每个血管腔隙均由单层外观正常的内皮细胞围成并衬覆，这些内皮细胞排列于胶原性间隔上，间隔通常较薄，但部分具有宽阔的胶原性间质。血管扩张通常不表现为边界清楚的肿块；扩张的血管通道常不规则地穿行于组织之中。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
在 NTP 研究中，血管扩张在出现时即应作出诊断，并根据病变范围进行分级。应记录其具体部位。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Figure 1 and Figure 2 show an example of angiectasis. The recognition of a focal excess of relatively normally configured vessels in a brain is the hallmark of spontaneous incidental angiectasis. Here there are several large angiectatic veins in the meninges of the cerebellum, and thrombosis ( Figure 1 , arrows) has occurred in some of these vessels. The probably turbulent blood flow in such interconnected abnormal sinusoid-like vessels leads to activation of the clotting cascade resulting in thrombosis. Figure 2 shows the same specimen as Figure 1 at higher magnification. Note the normal appearance of the endothelium. Differentiation of such vascular changes from that of hemangioma and hemangiosarcoma is important. In hemangiosarcoma, the tumor is compressive and infiltrative, and the vessels are of varied diameters, are mostly of a capillary nature, and, in the most malignant forms, have abnormal hypertrophied endothelial nuclei and spindloid stroma. A distinction between angiectasis and hemangioma should be attempted, although the distinction is not always obvious. Hemangiomas tend to be well-circumscribed, unencapsulated masses composed of tightly packed, dilated vascular spaces. Each vascular space is enclosed and lined by a single layer of normal-appearing endothelial cells aligned on collagenous septa, which are usually thin, although some have broad collagenous stroma. Angiectasis does not usually present as a well-circumscribed mass; the dilated vascular channels often course irregularly through the tissue.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
In NTP studies, the angiectasis is diagnosed when present and graded based on extent of the lesion. The subsite should be recorded.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0556.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0554.jpg

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