# 增生（Hyperplasia）

- 器官 / 系统：阴蒂腺 / 雌性生殖系统（clitoral-gland / reproductive-system-female）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0549
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/clitoral-gland-hyperplasia.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#clitoral-gland-hyperplasia
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/reproductive-system-female/clitoral-gland/Hyperplasia
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
阴蒂腺增生（clitoral gland hyperplasia）通常为局灶性（focal）病变，更常见于腺体组织，但也可能发生于导管。

## 病变描述（中文）
阴蒂腺增生（clitoral gland hyperplasia）通常为局灶性（focal）病变，更常见于腺体组织，但也可能发生于导管。该病变可为单侧或双侧。腺体增生的特征为腺泡细胞数量增多，并可伴有基底细胞数量增多。与邻近腺体组织相比，腺泡增大且显得拥挤；然而，细胞形态和排列方向正常。后述这些特征可将增生与腺瘤区分开来，腺瘤中腺泡结构扭曲，常伴有腺泡融合和肿瘤细胞的实性团簇。阴蒂腺增生为自发性病变，常继发于炎症，尤其是在老年动物中。在这些老年动物中，增生不被视为癌前改变，而是一种反应性增生，且无进展的证据（注意Figure 1、Figure 2中的炎症）。雄激素类药物可诱导阴蒂腺上皮增生。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
阴蒂腺 - 增生：只要存在即应诊断，并给出严重程度分级。发生于增生灶内的炎症等继发性病变不应单独诊断，除非其严重程度足以支持单独诊断。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Clitoral gland hyperplasia is typically a focal lesion and more commonly occurs in the glandular tissue but may also occur in the ducts. The lesion may be unilateral or bilateral. Glandular hyperplasia is characterized by an increased number of acinar cells and may be accompanied by an increased number of basal cells. The acini are enlarged and appear crowded compared with the adjacent glandular tissue; however, there is normal cellular morphology and orientation. These latter features differentiate hyperplasia from adenomas, in which acinar structure is distorted, with frequent acinar fusion and solid clusters of neoplastic cells. Clitoral gland hyperplasia occurs as a spontaneous lesion and is often secondary to inflammation, especially in older animals. Hyperplasia is not considered a preneoplastic change in these older animals but, rather, a reactive hyperplasia, and there is no evidence of progression (note inflammation in Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). Androgenic drugs can induce epithelial hyperplasia of the clitoral gland.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Clitoral gland - Hyperplasia should be diagnosed whenever present and given a severity grade. Secondary lesions such as inflammation occurring within a focus of hyperplasia should not be diagnosed separately unless warranted by severity.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0600.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0605.jpg

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