# 炎症（Inflammation）

- 器官 / 系统：输精管 / 雄性生殖系统（ductus-deferens / reproductive-system-male）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0486
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/ductus-deferens-inflammation.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#ductus-deferens-inflammation
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/reproductive-system-male/ductus-deferens/Inflammation
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
输精管（ductus deferens）的炎症不常见，可能表现为肌层及周围组织中有炎症细胞浸润（星号，Figure 1、Figure 2）。

## 病变描述（中文）
输精管（ductus deferens）的炎症不常见，可能表现为肌层及周围组织中有炎症细胞浸润（星号，Figure 1、Figure 2）。它很可能是邻近组织类似病变的延伸。在 Figure 1、Figure 2 中，病变局限于输精管的肌层及周围组织。NTP 研究将炎症分为五个标准类别：急性（急性（acute））、化脓性（化脓性（suppurative））、慢性（慢性（chronic））、慢性活动性（慢性活动性（chronic-active））和肉芽肿性（肉芽肿性（granulomatous））。在急性炎症中，主要浸润细胞是中性粒细胞（neutrophil），但也可能存在较少的巨噬细胞（macrophage）和淋巴细胞（lymphocyte）。还可能有水肿或充血的表现。中性粒细胞也是化脓性炎症中的主要浸润细胞类型，其中中性粒细胞聚集，且许多已变性（化脓性渗出物）。渗出物中还可能存在来自 resident 细胞群和浸润白细胞的细胞碎片、含纤维蛋白的蛋白性液体、较少的巨噬细胞、偶见的淋巴细胞或浆细胞，以及可能的感染因子。肉眼观察，这些病变以脓液存在为特征。渗出物周围的组织可能有成纤维细胞、纤维结缔组织和混合性炎症细胞，具体取决于病变的慢性程度。慢性炎症中以淋巴细胞为主。慢性活动性炎症中也以淋巴细胞为主，但还有显著数量的中性粒细胞。两种病变均可能含有巨噬细胞。肉芽肿性炎症是慢性炎症的另一种形式，但该诊断要求存在显著数量的聚集性、大的活化巨噬细胞、上皮样巨噬细胞或多核巨细胞。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
输精管的炎症应当被诊断、分类和分级。如果它是附属性腺及周围组织广泛性炎症的一部分，则不必为输精管单独提供诊断，但应在病理学叙述中加以描述。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Inflammation of ductus deferens is uncommon and may consist of infiltration of inflammatory cells in the muscular layer and in the surrounding tissue (asterisks, Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). It is likely an extension of a similar finding in adjoining tissue. In Figure 1 and Figure 2 , it is limited to the muscular layer of the ductus deferens and surrounding tissue. NTP studies have five standard categories of inflammation: acute, suppurative, chronic, chronic-active, and granulomatous. In acute inflammation , the predominant infiltrating cell is the neutrophil, though fewer macrophages and lymphocytes may also be present. There may also be evidence of edema or hyperemia. The neutrophil is also the predominant infiltrating cell type in suppurative inflammation , where they are aggregated, and many are degenerate (suppurative exudate). Cell debris from both the resident cell populations and infiltrating leukocytes, proteinaceous fluid containing fibrin, fewer macrophages, occasional lymphocytes or plasma cells, and, possibly, an infectious agent may also be present in the exudate. Grossly, these lesions would be characterized by the presence of pus. The tissue surrounding the exudate may have fibroblasts, fibrous connective tissue, and mixed inflammatory cells, depending on the chronicity of the lesion. Lymphocytes predominate in chronic inflammation . Lymphocytes also predominate in chronic-active inflammation , but there are also a significant number of neutrophils. Both lesions may contain macrophages. Granulomatous inflammation is another form of chronic inflammation, but this diagnosis requires the presence of a significant number of aggregated, large, activated macrophages, epithelioid macrophages, or multinucleated giant cells.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Inflammation of the ductus deferens should be diagnosed, classified, and graded. If it is part of a generalized inflammation of accessory sex glands and surrounding tissues, it is not necessary to provide a separate diagnosis for the ductus deferens, but it should be described in the pathology narrative.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0725.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0726.jpg

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