# 上皮增生（Epithelium Hyperplasia）

- 器官 / 系统：耳 / 特殊感觉系统（ear / special-senses-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0355
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/ear-epithelium-hyperplasia.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#ear-epithelium-hyperplasia
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/special-senses-system/ear/Epithelium-Hyperplasia
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
耳部各区域被覆上皮的增生通常由局部应用的刺激物引起，或继发于同时存在的炎症。

## 病变描述（中文）
耳部各区域被覆上皮的增生通常由局部应用的刺激物引起，或继发于同时存在的炎症。形态学上，病变表现多样，从外耳道鳞状上皮因细胞层数增加并伴有一定程度的网嵴形成而呈弥漫性（diffuse）增厚（Figure 1），到局灶性（focal）但更为显著的上皮增生并伴有外生性乳头状形成（Figure 2、Figure 3、Figure 4）。还可能出现明显的鳞状上皮继发性角化过度，其特征为厚层角蛋白板层脱落进入耳道腔（Figure 3、Figure 4）。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
当作为原发性、治疗相关效应发生时，耳部上皮增生应当被诊断并分级。诊断中应包含适当的部位修饰词（外耳道等）和类型修饰词（鳞状等）。继发于同时存在的炎症的鳞状增生不应单独诊断，除非其严重程度足以支持单独诊断，但应在病理描述中予以描述。角化过度几乎总是继发于同时存在的鳞状上皮增生，因此不应单独诊断（除非其严重程度足以支持单独诊断），但应在病理描述中作为增生的一个特征予以描述。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Hyperplasia of the lining epithelium of various ear regions is usually due to topically applied irritants or secondary to concurrent inflammation. Morphologically, the lesions vary from diffuse thickening of the external ear canal squamous epithelium due to increased cell layers with some rete peg formation ( Figure 1 ) to focal but more pronounced epithelial hyperplasia with exophytic papillary formation ( Figure 2 , Figure 3 , and Figure 4 ). There may also be prominent secondary hyperkeratosis of the squamous epithelium, characterized by thick layers of keratin lamellae sloughing into the canal lumen ( Figure 3 and Figure 4 ).

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
When occurring as a primary, treatment-related effect, epithelial hyperplasia of the ear should be diagnosed and graded. An appropriate site modifier (external ear canal, etc.) and type modifier (squamous, etc.) should be included in the diagnosis. Squamous hyperplasia secondary to concurrent inflammation should not be diagnosed separately unless warranted by severity, though it should be described in the pathology narrative. Hyperkeratosis is almost always secondary to concurrent squamous epithelial hyperplasia, and thus should not be diagnosed separately (unless warranted by severity), though it should be described as a feature of the hyperplasia in the pathology narrative.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0958.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0956.jpg

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