# 溃疡（Ulcer）

- 器官 / 系统：耳 / 特殊感觉系统（ear / special-senses-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0356
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/ear-ulcer.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#ear-ulcer
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/special-senses-system/ear/Ulcer
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
溃疡（ulcer）的特征是上皮衬里呈节段性或更广泛的缺失，包括上皮基底膜缺失并暴露出其下的固有层（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3）。

## 病变描述（中文）
溃疡（ulcer）的特征是上皮衬里呈节段性或更广泛的缺失，包括上皮基底膜缺失并暴露出其下的固有层（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3）。糜烂（erosion）也表现为部分或全部上皮细胞层呈局灶性（focal）至广泛的缺失。然而，与溃疡不同的是，糜烂以基底膜保持完整为特征。这些病变通常伴有炎症，且常被渗出性痂皮覆盖（Figure 1）。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
耳部糜烂和溃疡应结合适当的部位修饰词（外耳、中耳等）进行诊断，并赋予严重程度分级。被视为糜烂和溃疡继发的所见（充血、出血、水肿、炎症等）不应单独诊断，除非其严重程度足以支持单独诊断。然而，继发病变应在病理学描述中予以描述。如果同一动物同时存在糜烂和溃疡，则仅应诊断溃疡（即更严重的病变）。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Ulcers are characterized by segmental or more extensive loss of the lining epithelium, including loss of the epithelial basement membrane with exposure of the underlying lamina propria ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , and Figure 3 ). Erosions also exhibit focal to extensive loss of some or all epithelial cell layers. However, in contrast to ulcers, erosions are distinguished by retention of an intact basement membrane. These lesions are typically accompanied by inflammation and are often covered by an exudative crust ( Figure 1 ).

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Erosions and ulcers in the ear should be diagnosed with an appropriate topography modifier (external ear, middle ear, etc.) and assigned a severity grade. Findings considered secondary to erosions and ulcers (congestion, hemorrhage, edema, inflammation, etc.) should not be diagnosed separately unless warranted by severity. The secondary lesions should, however, be described in the pathology narrative. If both erosions and ulcers are present in the same animal, then only ulcer (the more severe lesion) should be diagnosed.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0962.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0964.jpg

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