# 上皮核增大（Epithelium Karyomegaly）

- 器官 / 系统：附睾 / 雄性生殖系统（epididymis / reproductive-system-male）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0494
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/epididymis-epithelium-karyomegaly.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#epididymis-epithelium-karyomegaly
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/reproductive-system-male/epididymis/Epithelium-Karyomegaly
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
非典型增大的细胞核（核巨大症，karyomegaly）最常出现在输精管上皮，但也可见于附睾的其他部位。

## 病变描述（中文）
非典型增大的细胞核（核巨大症，karyomegaly）最常出现在输精管上皮，但也可见于附睾的其他部位。核巨大症的特征是上皮细胞含有大而深染嗜碱性、常呈凹陷状的细胞核。在小鼠中，它通常被视为背景性发现。没有证据表明这种细胞异型性会进展或属于癌前病变。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
核巨大症应当记录并分级，并且如果其发生率或严重程度似乎与化学物给药相关，应当在病理学叙述中加以讨论。适当时应当注明是否为双侧性。建议与其他雄性生殖器官的异常进行关联分析，以助于解释。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Atypical enlarged nuclei (karyomegaly) are most often seen in the epithelium of the ductus deferens, but can also be seen in other parts of the epididymis. Karyomegaly is characterized by epithelial cells that contain large, intensely basophilic staining nuclei that are often indented. It is generally seen as a background finding in mice. There is no evidence that this cell atypia progresses or is preneoplastic.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Karyomegaly should be recorded and graded and should be discussed in the pathology narrative if the incidence and/or severity appears to be related to chemical administration. Indication of bilateral should be provided if appropriate. Correlation with disturbances in other male reproductive organs is recommended to aid interpretation.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0739.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0740.jpg

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