# 淀粉样物质（Amyloid）

- 器官 / 系统：食管 / 消化系统（esophagus / alimentary-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0306
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/esophagus-amyloid.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#esophagus-amyloid
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/alimentary-system/esophagus/Amyloid
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
淀粉样变性（amyloidosis）是一种全身性疾病，在B6C3F1小鼠、BALB/c小鼠和C3H小鼠中罕见，但在CD-1小鼠、A小鼠、Swiss Webster小鼠、SJL小鼠和B6小鼠中常见，并且可以是致死原因。

## 病变描述（中文）
淀粉样变性（amyloidosis）是一种全身性疾病，在B6C3F1小鼠、BALB/c小鼠和C3H小鼠中罕见，但在CD-1小鼠、A小鼠、Swiss Webster小鼠、SJL小鼠和B6小鼠中常见，并且可以是致死原因。其发生率可因群养雄性动物间的打斗以及体外寄生虫感染而升高。淀粉样物质表现为无定形、嗜酸性、玻璃样、细胞外物质（Figure 1，箭头），随着其进行性蓄积，会导致邻近细胞和组织的压迫性萎缩。可使用刚果红（Congo red）等特殊染色来确认该物质为淀粉样物质。刚果红将淀粉样物质染成橙色至橙红色，在偏振光下呈现特征性的浅绿色双折射，通常被称为苹果绿。在食管和小肠中，该病似乎以淀粉样物质在黏膜下层沉积开始。在全身性淀粉样变性中，如果在食管中发现淀粉样物质，则也很可能在脾、肝、肾、舌、小肠和肠系膜淋巴结中发现。肾小球中的淀粉样物质沉积通常是死于淀粉样变性动物的致死原因。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
无论何时出现，淀粉样物质沉积都应诊断为“淀粉样物质”，并根据淀粉样物质沉积的范围进行分级。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Amyloidosis is a systemic disease that is rare in B6C3F1 mice, BALB/c and C3H mice but common in CD-1, A, Swiss Webster, SJL, and B6 mice and can be a cause of death. The incidence can be increased in association with fighting among group-housed males and with ectoparasitism. Amyloid appears as an amorphous, eosinophilic, hyaline, extracellular substance ( Figure 1 , arrow) that, with progressive accumulation, results in pressure atrophy of adjacent cells and tissue. Special stains such as Congo red can be used to confirm that the material is amyloid. Congo red stains amyloid orange to orange red and under polarized light imparts a characteristic light green birefringence that is often referred to as apple green. In the esophagus and small intestine, the disease appears to begin as a deposition of amyloid in the submucosa. In systemic amyloidosis, if amyloid is found in the esophagus, it is also likely to be found in spleen, liver, kidney, tongue, small intestine, and mesenteric lymph node. Amyloid deposits in the glomeruli of the kidney are usually the cause of death in animals that die with amyloidosis.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Whenever present, amyloid deposits should be diagnosed as "amyloid" and graded based on the extent of the amyloid deposits.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0008.jpg

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