# 角膜鳞状上皮增生（Cornea Hyperplasia Squamous）

- 器官 / 系统：眼 / 特殊感觉系统（eye / special-senses-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0354
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/eye-cornea-hyperplasia-squamous.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#eye-cornea-hyperplasia-squamous
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/special-senses-system/eye/Cornea-HyperplasiaSquamous
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
角膜复层鳞状上皮（被覆于角膜前表面）以及内皮（被覆于角膜后表面）均可发生增生，但上皮增生更为常见。

## 病变描述（中文）
角膜复层鳞状上皮（被覆于角膜前表面）以及内皮（被覆于角膜后表面）均可发生增生，但上皮增生更为常见。角膜上皮鳞状增生（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3、Figure 4）是一种局灶性（focal）至弥漫性（diffuse）的改变，以细胞层数增多为特征，常伴有上皮过度角化（Figure 1、Figure 2）。如 Figure 3、Figure 4 所示，范围更广泛的角膜上皮鳞状增生表现为细胞层数进一步增多，并呈外生性和/或内生性（网嵴样）生长方式。角膜上皮增生可由多种原因引起，包括局部应用的化学性和物理性刺激物；全身给药的毒物；泪液分泌减少；细菌、病毒或真菌感染；营养缺乏；遗传性缺陷；以及由占位性眶内肿物所致的眼球突出。角膜基质炎症、新生血管形成和/或纤维化常同时存在。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
角膜上皮鳞状增生应当诊断并赋予严重程度分级。相关病变如炎症或水肿应当单独诊断。角膜内皮增生应当单独诊断并赋予严重程度分级。应使用部位修饰词“epithelium”和“endothelium”以指示角膜上皮增生与内皮增生（例如，Eye, Cornea, Endothelium - Hyperplasia）。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Hyperplasia can occur in the stratified squamous corneal epithelium (lining the anterior surface of the cornea), as well as in the endothelium (lining the posterior surface of the cornea), though epithelial hyperplasia is more common. Corneal epithelial squamous hyperplasia ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , and Figure 4 ) is a focal to diffuse change characterized by increased cell layers and is often associated with epithelial hyperkeratosis ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). As illustrated in Figure 3 and Figure 4 , more extensive corneal epithelial squamous hyperplasia is characterized by even greater numbers of cell layers with exophytic and/or endophytic (rete-peg-like) growth patterns. Corneal epithelial hyperplasia can result from many causes, including topically applied chemical and physical irritants; systemically administered toxins; reduced tear production; bacterial, viral, or fungal infections; nutritional deficiencies; heritable defects; and exophthalmos due to space-occupying orbital masses. Corneal stromal inflammation, neovascularization, and/or fibrosis is often concurrently present.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Squamous hyperplasia of the corneal epithelium should be diagnosed and assigned a severity grade. Associated lesions such as inflammation or edema should be diagnosed separately. Hyperplasia of the corneal endothelium should be diagnosed separately and assigned a severity grade. The site modifiers "epithelium" and "endothelium" should be used to indicate corneal epithelial versus endothelial hyperplasia (e.g., Eye, Cornea, Endothelium - Hyperplasia).

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0973.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0986.jpg

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