# 角膜矿化（Cornea Mineralization）

- 器官 / 系统：眼 / 特殊感觉系统（eye / special-senses-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0351
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/eye-cornea-mineralization.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#eye-cornea-mineralization
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/special-senses-system/eye/Cornea-Mineralization
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
大鼠和小鼠的角膜矿化（corneal mineralization）可为创伤或炎症的后遗症，也可由接触局部刺激物或全身性毒素引起，或作为一种自发性变化发生。

## 病变描述（中文）
大鼠和小鼠的角膜矿化（corneal mineralization）可为创伤或炎症的后遗症，也可由接触局部刺激物或全身性毒素引起，或作为一种自发性变化发生。在大鼠和小鼠中自发性发生的一种矿化形式，临床上称为角膜营养不良（corneal dystrophy）、带状角膜病变（band keratopathy）或钙化性角膜病变（calcific keratopathy）。临床上，首先在中央（轴性）角膜相当于睑裂间区域的部位观察到白色、点状至线状角膜混浊。显微镜下，在中央角膜上皮基底膜内或紧邻其下可见线状至不规则的矿化聚集物（Figure 1）。覆盖其上的角膜上皮呈弥漫性变薄，角膜上皮基底细胞肿胀。矿化也可发生于角膜基质更深处（Figure 2）。矿化也可发生于角膜缘（Figure 3）。矿化可伴有角膜上皮增生或继发性肉芽肿性炎症。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
当矿化被视为原发性变化时，应予以诊断并赋予严重程度分级。矿物沉积的部位（例如上皮下）应在病理学描述中予以描述。当矿化继发于炎症时，不应单独诊断，除非严重程度确有必要，但应在描述中予以描述。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Corneal mineralization in rats and mice can be a sequela to trauma or inflammation, can result from exposure to topical irritants or systemic toxins, or can occur as a spontaneous change. One form of mineralization that occurs spontaneously in rats and mice is known clinically as corneal dystrophy, band keratopathy, or calcific keratopathy. Clinically, white, punctuate to linear corneal opacities are first noted in the central (axial) cornea in the zone corresponding to the interpalpebral fissure. Microscopically, linear to irregular aggregates of mineralization are present within or just under the central corneal epithelial basement membrane ( Figure 1 ). There is diffuse thinning of the overlying corneal epithelium and swelling of the corneal epithelial basal cells. Mineralization can also occur deeper in the corneal stroma ( Figure 2 ). Mineralization may also occur at the corneal limbus ( Figure 3 ). Mineralization may be accompanied by corneal epithelial hyperplasia or secondary granulomatous inflammation.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
When mineralization is considered a primary change, it should be diagnosed and assigned a severity grade. The location of the mineral deposits (e.g., subepithelial) should be described in the pathology narrative. When mineralization is secondary to inflammation, it should not be diagnosed separately, unless warranted by severity, though it should be described in the narrative.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0974.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0980.jpg

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