# 角膜溃疡（Cornea Ulcer）

- 器官 / 系统：眼 / 特殊感觉系统（eye / special-senses-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0350
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/eye-cornea-ulcer.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#eye-cornea-ulcer
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/special-senses-system/eye/Cornea-Ulcer
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
角膜上皮（衬覆于角膜前表面）可发生糜烂和溃疡。其特征为角膜上皮全层局灶性剥脱，包括基底板（Figure 1、Figure 2）。

## 病变描述（中文）
角膜上皮（衬覆于角膜前表面）可发生糜烂和溃疡。其特征为角膜上皮全层局灶性剥脱，包括基底板（Figure 1、Figure 2）。溃疡通常引发炎症反应，其程度随病变的慢性程度而异。细菌可定植于溃疡区域，通常引发化脓性炎症反应（Figure 3）。角膜上皮溃疡和糜烂可由多种原因引起，包括物理性创伤、经直接局部给药接触刺激性化学物质、接触由泪腺分泌至角膜前泪膜中的全身性毒物、暴露于电离辐射或过量环境光，以及因长时间麻醉或眼睑神经支配缺陷导致的瞬目反射减弱或眼睑闭合不全。角膜上皮溃疡和糜烂也可为角膜炎症的继发病变，或为泪腺疾病所致角膜前泪膜成分改变的后遗症。尽管较上皮性改变少见，单层角膜内皮（衬覆于角膜后表面）的溃疡亦可发生。角膜上皮糜烂为部分上皮剥脱而基底板保持完整，属相似的病变，但通常范围较小。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
角膜溃疡和/或糜烂应作出诊断并赋予严重程度分级。诊断中应包含适当的亚部位修饰词（如epithelium、endothelium）。若同一动物同时存在溃疡和糜烂，应诊断最严重的病变（溃疡）。若同一研究中同时诊断了溃疡和糜烂，应在叙述中讨论二者属于同一病理过程这一事实。相关病变如炎症和坏死不应单独诊断，除非严重程度足以支持，但应在病理学叙述中予以描述。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Erosion and ulceration can occur in the corneal epithelium (lining the anterior surface of the cornea). They are characterized by focal denudation of all layers of the corneal epithelium, including the basal lamina ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). Ulcers typically incite an inflammatory reaction, which varies with the chronicity of the lesion. Bacteria may colonize the ulcerated region, which usually incites a suppurative inflammatory reaction ( Figure 3 ). Corneal epithelial ulceration and erosion can result from many causes, including physical trauma, contact with irritating chemicals via direct topical administration, contact with systemic toxicants secreted by the lacrimal glands into the precorneal tear film, exposure to ionizing radiation or excess ambient light, and reduced blinking reflex or eyelid closure due to prolonged anesthesia or deficits of eyelid innervation. Corneal epithelial ulcers and erosions can also be sequelae of corneal inflammation or alterations in the precorneal tear film composition due to lacrimal gland disease. Although less common than epithelial changes, ulceration of the single-layered corneal endothelium (lining the posterior surface of the cornea) can also occur. Corneal epithelial erosions, in which there is partial epithelial denudation with retention of an intact basal lamina, are similar lesions, though typically less extensive.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Corneal ulcers and/or erosions should be diagnosed and assigned a severity grade. An appropriate subtopography modifier (e.g., epithelium, endothelium) should be includedd in the diagnosis. If both ulcers and erosions are present in the same animal, the most severe lesion (ulcer) should be diagnosed. If both ulcers and erosions are diagnosed in the same study, the fact that they are part of the same pathologic process should be discussed in the narrative. Associated lesions such as inflammation and necrosis should not be diagnosed separately, unless warranted by severity, but should be described in the pathology narrative.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0983.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0982.jpg

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