# 视神经胶质增生（Optic Nerve Gliosis）

- 器官 / 系统：眼 / 特殊感觉系统（eye / special-senses-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0339
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/eye-optic-nerve-gliosis.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#eye-optic-nerve-gliosis
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/special-senses-system/eye/OpticNerve-Gliosis
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
视神经中的胶质细胞增生和/或活化（胶质增生）通常作为与视神经变性相关的反应性改变而发生。

## 病变描述（中文）
视神经中的胶质细胞增生和/或活化（胶质增生）通常作为与视神经变性相关的反应性改变而发生。其病因多样，如创伤或眼内压升高，其特征为胶质细胞数量呈局灶性（focal）至弥漫性（diffuse）性增加（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3）。增加的胶质细胞群体可包括星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞和/或小胶质细胞。增生的星形胶质细胞可表现出反应性表型，胞质体积增大、细胞突起增粗、细胞核更大且更具囊泡状。其代谢活性亦增强。反应性少突胶质细胞和小胶质细胞同样发生形态学和代谢改变。反应性星形胶质细胞、结缔组织成分及其他胶质细胞的局灶性性聚集有时被称为“胶质瘢痕”。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
视神经胶质增生应当被诊断并赋予严重程度分级。视神经胶质增生的存在应当促使仔细检查视网膜（尤其是神经节细胞层和神经纤维层）以发现并存的病理变化。相关病变，如视神经变性，应当单独诊断。相关链接：Eye - Optic Nerve - Degeneration

## 英文原文 · Comment
Glial cell proliferation and/or activation (gliosis) in the optic nerve usually occurs as a reactive change associated with optic nerve degeneration. It has various causes, such as trauma or increased intraocular pressure, and is characterized by focal to diffuse increases in the numbers of glial cells ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , and Figure 3 ). The increased glial cell populations can consist of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and/or microglia. Proliferating astrocytes can exhibit a reactive phenotype, with increased cytoplasmic volume, thicker cell processes, and larger, more vesicular nuclei. They also become more metabolically active. Reactive oligodendrocytes and microglia also undergo morphologic and metabolic changes. Focal accumulations of reactive astrocytes, connective tissues elements, and other glial cells are sometimes referred to as "glial scars."

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Optic nerve gliosis should be diagnosed and assigned a severity grade. The presence of optic nerve gliosis should prompt careful examination of the retina (especially the ganglion cell and nerve fiber layers) for concurrent pathology. Associated lesions, such as optic nerve degeneration, should be diagnosed separately. Related Links: Eye - Optic Nerve - Degeneration

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_1000.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0999.jpg

整理：北京天融慧通科技有限责任公司（LabSmart）｜ https://www.labsmart.cn