# 炎症（Inflammation）

- 器官 / 系统：胆囊 / 肝胆系统（gallbladder / hepatobiliary-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0426
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/gallbladder-inflammation.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#gallbladder-inflammation
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/hepatobiliary-system/gallbladder/Inflammation
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
胆囊的炎症可能表现为管腔内的急性炎症细胞浸润（Figure 1、Figure 2），但更常见的是炎症浸润主要发生在胆囊壁，并伴有黏膜衬里的增生。

## 病变描述（中文）
胆囊的炎症可能表现为管腔内的急性炎症细胞浸润（Figure 1、Figure 2），但更常见的是炎症浸润主要发生在胆囊壁，并伴有黏膜衬里的增生。Figure 3、Figure 4显示胆囊增生上皮衬里中致密的胞质玻璃样沉积物。胆囊炎症（胆囊炎，cholecystitis）可能伴有黏膜溃疡或糜烂及出血（Figure 5、Figure 6）。胆囊炎更常见于老年小鼠。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
胆囊炎症只要存在即应诊断，并给出严重程度分级。诊断中应包含描述炎症性质的修饰词（即急性（acute）、化脓性（suppurative）、慢性（chronic）、慢性 active或肉芽肿性（granulomatous））（关于这些修饰词的描述，见Liver - Inflammation）。炎症的性质及任何其他形态学特征也应在病理学叙述中描述。伴随病变，如溃疡形成或玻璃样滴状物积聚，如果足够显著，应单独诊断。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Inflammation of the gallbladder may involve acute inflammatory cell infiltrates in the lumen ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ), but more commonly inflammatory infiltration occurs primarily in the gallbladder wall and is accompanied by hyperplasia of the mucosal lining. Figure 3 and Figure 4 show dense cytoplasmic hyaline deposits in the hyperplastic epithelial lining of the gall bladder. Inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis) may be associated with mucosal ulcers or erosions and hemorrhage ( Figure 5 and Figure 6 ). Cholecystitis is more commonly seen in older mice.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Inflammation of the gallbladder should be diagnosed whenever present and given a severity grade. A modifier describing the character of the inflammation (i.e., acute, suppurative, chronic, chronic active, or granulomatous) should be included in the diagnosis (for a description of these modifiers, see Liver - Inflammation ). The character of the inflammation and any other morphologic features should also be described in the pathology narrative. Accompanying lesions, such as ulceration or hyaline droplet accumulation, should be diagnosed separately if sufficiently prominent.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0331.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0336.jpg

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