# 扩张（Dilation）

- 器官 / 系统：哈氏腺 / 特殊感觉系统（harderian-gland / special-senses-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0317
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/harderian-gland-dilation.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#harderian-gland-dilation
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/special-senses-system/harderian-gland/Dilation
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
哈德氏腺扩张（Harderian gland dilation）的特征是哈德氏腺腺泡呈局灶性（focal）簇状分布，腺腔扩张，内衬略扁平的上皮细胞（Figure 1、Figure 2）；

## 病变描述（中文）
哈德氏腺扩张（Harderian gland dilation）的特征是哈德氏腺腺泡呈局灶性（focal）簇状分布，腺腔扩张，内衬略扁平的上皮细胞（Figure 1、Figure 2）；相关间质纤维化即使存在也极少。部分扩张的腺泡还可见腔内卟啉色素聚集体。此种扩张是大鼠和小鼠哈德氏腺常见的自发性病变，但也可由给予各种化学剂诱导发生。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
仅当发生率或严重程度（或两者）存在处理相关差异时，才应诊断哈德氏腺扩张。诊断时，应赋予严重程度分级。相关的卟啉色素不应单独诊断（除非严重程度需要），但应在病理学叙述中描述。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Harderian gland dilation is characterized by focal clusters of Harderian gland alveoli with dilated lumens lined by slightly flattened epithelial cells ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ); there is little if any associated interstitial fibrosis. Some dilated gland alveoli also exhibit intraluminal porphyrin pigment aggregates. Such dilatation is a common spontaneous finding in the Harderian glands of rats and mice but can also be induced by administration of various chemical agents.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Harderian gland dilation should be diagnosed only if there are treatment-related differences in incidence and/or severity. When diagnosed, it should be assigned a severity grade. The associated porphyrin pigment should not be diagnosed separately (unless warranted by severity), but should be described in the pathology narrative.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_1024.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_1025.jpg

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