# 增生（Hyperplasia）

- 器官 / 系统：哈氏腺 / 特殊感觉系统（harderian-gland / special-senses-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0316
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/harderian-gland-hyperplasia.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#harderian-gland-hyperplasia
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/special-senses-system/harderian-gland/Hyperplasia
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
哈德氏腺增生（Harderian gland hyperplasia）（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3、Figure 4）的特征为边界清楚但无压迫性的局灶性（focal）区域，其中腺泡内衬的大细胞数量增多，染色特性与周围正常细胞略有不同。

## 病变描述（中文）
哈德氏腺增生（Harderian gland hyperplasia）（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3、Figure 4）的特征为边界清楚但无压迫性的局灶性（focal）区域，其中腺泡内衬的大细胞数量增多，染色特性与周围正常细胞略有不同。细胞核通常与正常细胞相似，但在某些病例中，细胞核可能增大（Figure 1、Figure 2）。细胞数量增多可导致细胞拥挤和形成多层细胞（Figure 3、Figure 4），甚至形成小的乳头状突起。无压迫性或无明显核多形性有助于将哈德氏腺增生与腺瘤区分开来。哈德氏腺增生可作为变性和炎症的反应性后遗症发生，但也可能是原发性毒性效应和哈德氏腺肿瘤形成的前驱病变。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
哈德氏腺增生应当被诊断并赋予严重程度分级。应在描述中注明该增生被视为原发性效应还是继发性反应性改变，尤其是在发病率或严重程度存在处理相关差异时。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Harderian gland hyperplasia ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , and Figure 4 ) is characterized as a well-demarcated but noncompressive focal area in which alveoli are lined by increased numbers of large cells with slightly different tinctorial quality than surrounding normal cells. Nuclei are often similar to those of normal cells, but in some cases, the nuclei may be enlarged ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). The increased cell numbers can result in crowding and multiple cell layers ( Figure 3 and Figure 4 ), and even formation of small papillary projections. The absence of compression or marked nuclear pleomorphism can help distinguish Harderian gland hyperplasia from adenoma. Harderian gland hyperplasia may occur as a reactive sequela to degeneration and inflammation but can also be a primary toxic effect and precursor to Harderian gland neoplasia.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Harderian gland hyperplasia should be diagnosed and assigned a severity grade. Whether the hyperplasia is considered a primary effect or a secondary reactive change should be noted in the narrative, especially if there are treatment-related differences in incidence and/or severity.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_1027.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_1034.jpg

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