# 肾小管扩张（Renal Tubule Dilation）

- 器官 / 系统：肾脏 / 泌尿系统（kidney / urinary-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0173
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/kidney-renal-tubule-dilation.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#kidney-renal-tubule-dilation
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/urinary-system/kidney/RenalTubule-Dilation
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
肾小管扩张可发生于肾单位或集合管系统的任何部位。它可呈局灶性（focal）区域分布，也可呈沿肾脏切片全长走行的条带（Figure 1）。

## 病变描述（中文）
肾小管扩张可发生于肾单位或集合管系统的任何部位。它可呈局灶性（focal）区域分布，也可呈沿肾脏切片全长走行的条带（Figure 1）。肾小管扩张可由外源化学物给药、继发性机制或未知发病机制引起（见肾脏-肾病，梗阻性）（Figure 2）。扩张可由对肾小管上皮的直接毒性损伤干扰吸收和分泌所致（Figure 3）。它也可继发于肾缺血或与给药相关的长时间利尿。肾小管扩张的继发性机制可源于下尿路梗阻、肾小管结晶沉积、间质炎症和/或纤维化以及慢性进行性肾病（Figure 4）。少数扩张的肾小管可视为正常组织学变异。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
肾小管扩张应予以诊断并给出严重程度分级。肾小管扩张的部位应作为部位修饰词纳入诊断。病理学家应运用其判断来决定继发性肾小管扩张是否显著到足以需要单独诊断。相关链接：肾脏-囊肿；肾脏-肾病，梗阻性

## 英文原文 · Comment
Renal tubule dilation may occur anywhere along the nephron or collecting duct system. It may occur in focal areas or as tracts running along the entire length of kidney sections ( Figure 1 ). Renal tubule dilation may occur from xenobiotic administration, secondary mechanisms, or an unknown pathogenesis (see Kidney - Nephropathy, Obstructive ) ( Figure 2 ). Dilation may result from direct toxic injury to the tubule epithelium interfering with absorption and secretion ( Figure 3 ). It may also occur secondary to renal ischemia or from prolonged diuresis related to drug administration. Secondary mechanisms of tubule dilation may result from lower urinary tract obstruction, the deposition of tubule crystals, interstitial inflammation and/or fibrosis, and chronic progressive nephropathy ( Figure 4 ). A few dilated tubules may be regarded as normal histologic variation.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Renal tubule dilation should be diagnosed and given a severity grade. The location of tubule dilation should be included in the diagnosis as a site modifier. The pathologist should use his or her judgment in deciding whether or not secondary tubule dilation is prominent enough to warrant a separate diagnosis. Related Links: Kidney - Cyst Kidney - Nephropathy, Obstructive

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_1110.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_1117.jpg

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