# 核增大（Karyomegaly）

- 器官 / 系统：泪腺 / 特殊感觉系统（lacrimal-gland / special-senses-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0323
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/lacrimal-gland-karyomegaly.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#lacrimal-gland-karyomegaly
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/special-senses-system/lacrimal-gland/Karyomegaly
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
泪腺核巨大症（lacrimal gland karyomegaly）的特征是泪腺腺泡细胞核增大，常呈多形性，核仁明显和/或多倍体化（Figure 3、Figure 4）。

## 病变描述（中文）
泪腺核巨大症（lacrimal gland karyomegaly）的特征是泪腺腺泡细胞核增大，常呈多形性，核仁明显和/或多倍体化（Figure 3、Figure 4）。有时可见核内假包涵体（intranuclear pseudoinclusions）（Figure 3），最可能是胞质内陷。受累细胞一般表现为胞质体积增大（整体细胞巨大）。这一非常常见的改变发生于大鼠和小鼠（以大鼠更常受累），并倾向于随年龄增长而发病率和严重程度增加。雄性啮齿动物比雌性更常受累且病变范围更广，这促成了该器官在小鼠尤其是大鼠中的性二态性（整体泪腺相对较大）。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
只有当泪腺核巨大症的发病率（incidence）和/或严重程度存在与处理相关的差异时，才应作出诊断。作出诊断时，应进行分级。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Lacrimal gland karyomegaly is characterized by lacrimal gland acinar cells with enlarged, often pleomorphic nuclei with prominent nucleoli and/or polyploidy ( Figure 3 and Figure 4 ). Intranuclear pseudoinclusions are sometimes present ( Figure 3 ) and are most likely cytoplasmic invaginations. Affected cells generally exhibit increased cytoplasmic volume (overall cytomegaly). This very common change occurs in rats and mice (with rats more frequently affected) and tends to increase in incidence and severity with age. Male rodents are more frequently and extensively affected than females, which contributes to the sexual dimorphism (overall relatively larger lacrimal glands) of this organ in mice and especially in rats.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Karyomegaly in the lacrimal gland should be diagnosed only if there are treatment-related differences in incidence and/or severity. When diagnosed, it should be graded.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_1048.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_1051.jpg

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