# 髓外造血（Extramedullary Hematopoiesis）

- 器官 / 系统：肝 / 肝胆系统（liver / hepatobiliary-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0424
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/liver-extramedullary-hematopoiesis.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#liver-extramedullary-hematopoiesis
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/hepatobiliary-system/liver/ExtramedullaryHematopoiesis
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
髓外造血（extramedullary hematopoiesis）在成年啮齿类动物中属于非预期病变，通常与病理状态相关。

## 病变描述（中文）
髓外造血（extramedullary hematopoiesis）在成年啮齿类动物中属于非预期病变，通常与病理状态相关。其与炎性细胞浸润的鉴别在于：存在有核红细胞、未成熟粒细胞和/或未分化祖细胞，且不伴有肝细胞坏死。Figure 1、Figure 2 中可见成簇的红系细胞（箭头）。该病变最常见于经毒物处理的动物，并可能与肝细胞变性、色素沉积和/或脂肪变性相关（Figure 2）。Figure 2 中可见一个巨核细胞（箭头）。Figure 3、Figure 4 中多处血管周围细胞聚集主要由发育中的粒细胞构成。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
无论何时出现，髓外造血均应予以诊断并分级。检查骨髓、淋巴结和脾脏切片可能显示其与肝脏髓外造血的相关性。若能识别，所涉及细胞的类型（如红系、粒系、混合型）应在病理学描述中注明。相关链接：肾上腺——髓外造血；脾脏——髓外造血

## 英文原文 · Comment
Extramedullary hematopoiesis is unexpected in adult rodents and is typically associated with pathologic conditions. It is distinguished from inflammatory cell infiltrates by the presence of nucleated erythrocytes, immature granulocytes, and/or undifferentiated progenitor cells in the absence of associated hepatocellular necrosis. Clusters of erythroid cells are present in Figure 1 and Figure 2 (arrows). It is most often seen in animals treated with a toxicant and may be associated with hepatocellular degeneration, pigment deposition, and/or fatty change ( Figure 2 ). A megakaryocyte is present in Figure 2 (arrowhead). Multiple perivascular cellular accumulations in Figure 3 and Figure 4 consist predominantly of developing granulocytes.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Whenever present, extramedullary hematopoiesis should be diagnosed and graded. Examination of bone marrow, lymph node, and spleen sections may show a correlation with extramedullary hematopoiesis in the liver. The types of cells involved (e.g., erythroid, granulocytic, mixed) should be indicated in the pathology narrative if they can be identified. Related Links: Adrenal Gland - Extramedullary Hematopoiesis Spleen - Extramedullary Hematopoiesis

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0348.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0350.jpg

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