# 细胞异型性（Atypia Cellular）

- 器官 / 系统：肺 / 呼吸系统（lung / respiratory-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0110
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/lung-atypia-cellular.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#lung-atypia-cellular
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/respiratory-system/lung/AtypiaCellular
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
异型性可见于气道（Figure 1、Figure 2）或肺泡（Figure 3、Figure 4）。

## 病变描述（中文）
异型性可见于气道（Figure 1、Figure 2）或肺泡（Figure 3、Figure 4）。啮齿类动物肺脏的细胞异型性以以下一项或多项特征为特点：胞质嗜碱性、核深染、核极性丧失、核质比增高、核增大、核大小不一以及多形性。异型细胞常分化差，并可能为双核。它们可能具有多个和/或增大的核仁。在病理学文献中，细胞异型性、异型性增生和异型性腺瘤样增生与发育不良（dysplasia）同义使用，用以表示细胞和细胞核在大小、形状、组织结构和/或染色特性方面异常。虽然肺泡内的单个细胞可能具有异型性特征，但细胞异型性也可见于支气管、细支气管或肺泡上皮增生或鳞状化生的区域。上述某些特征也可见于再生细胞（例如细胞增大、核增大、胞质嗜碱性、核质比增高）。该病变的生物学意义尚不清楚；在没有明显再生的情况下，它可能代表一种癌前改变，尤其是当伴有增生或鳞状化生时。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
肺 - 细胞异型性应作出诊断并赋予严重程度分级。应使用部位修饰词（例如细支气管或肺泡上皮）来指明受影响的细胞。如果受影响的细胞类型不止一种，则应在所有受累部位作出诊断。如果它发生于上皮增生区域，则应使用术语“增生，异型性”（见肺 - 上皮，肺泡 - 增生）。如果它发生于鳞状化生区域，则应使用术语“化生，鳞状，异型性”（见肺 - 化生，鳞状）。由于异型性的某些特征可见于再生细胞，必须注意不要过度诊断该病变。相关病变，如炎症，应单独诊断。相关链接：肺 - 上皮，肺泡 - 增生 肺 - 化生，鳞状

## 英文原文 · Comment
Atypia can be seen in the airways ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ) or in the alveoli ( Figure 3 and Figure 4 ). Cellular atypia in rodent lungs is characterized by one or more of the following features: cytoplasmic basophilia, hyperchromatic nuclei, loss of nuclear polarity, high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, karyomegaly, anisokaryosis, and pleomorphism. The atypical cells are often poorly differentiated and may be binucleated. They may have multiple and/or enlarged nucleoli. In the pathology literature, cellular atypia, atypical hyperplasia, and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia have been used synonymously with dysplasia to signify cells and nuclei with abnormal size, shape, organization, and/or tinctoral properties. While individual cells in the alveoli may have features of atypia, cellular atypia can also be seen in areas of bronchial, bronchiolar, or alveolar epithelial hyperplasia or squamous metaplasia. Some of the features listed above may also be seen in regenerating cells (e.g., cytomegaly, karyomegaly, cytoplasmic basophilia, increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio). The biological significance of this lesion is not known; in the absence of obvious regeneration, it may represent a preneoplastic change, particularly when associated with hyperplasia or squamous metaplasia.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Lung - Atypia, Cellular should be diagnosed and assigned a severity grade. A site modifier (e.g., bronchiolar or alveolar epithelium) should be used to indicate which cells are affected. If more than one cell type is affected, the lesion should be diagnosed in all affected sites. If it occurs in areas of epithelial hyperplasia, the term "hyperplasia, atypical" should be used (see Lung - Epithelium, Alveolus - Hyperplasia ). If it occurs in an area of squamous metaplasia, the term "metaplasia, squamous, atypical" should be used (see Lung - Metaplasia, Squamous ). Since some features of atypia can be seen in regenerating cells, care must be taken not to overdiagnose this lesion. Associated lesions, such as inflammation, should be diagnosed separately. Related Links: Lung - Epithelium, Alveolus - Hyperplasia Lung - Metaplasia, Squamous

## 配图
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