# 支气管扩张（Bronchiectasis）

- 器官 / 系统：肺 / 呼吸系统（lung / respiratory-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0102
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/lung-bronchiectasis.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#lung-bronchiectasis
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/respiratory-system/lung/Bronchiectasis
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
支气管扩张（bronchiectasis）（Figure 1），即气道的永久性扩张，在NTP研究中非常罕见。

## 病变描述（中文）
支气管扩张（bronchiectasis）（Figure 1），即气道的永久性扩张，在NTP研究中非常罕见。受累气道扩张，且常伴有炎症。可能存在黏膜损伤，包括黏膜下腺体，并可能存在上皮的再生、增生或化生。随着病程慢性化，受累气道可能发生纤维化。支气管扩张可能需要与肺气肿相鉴别。支气管扩张是气道的病变，而肺气肿是由肺泡间隔壁破坏所致的肺泡实质内气腔扩大（见 Lung - Emphysema）。支气管扩张通常继发于支气管炎，例如由肺部感染、吸入所致者，或较少见地由受试物相关效应所致。在大鼠中，它常由感染所致。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
支气管扩张只要存在即应诊断，并给出严重程度分级。诊断中应包含部位修饰词，以指明受累的气道。如果支气管和细支气管均受累，则可省略部位修饰词，并在病理学描述中描述病变位置。应在病理学描述中注明气道扩张是否与处理相关，或是否继发于感染性疾病。相关链接：Lung - Emphysema

## 英文原文 · Comment
Bronchiectasis ( Figure 1 ), permanent dilation of the airways, is very uncommon in NTP studies. The affected airways are dilated and often are inflamed. There may be damage to the mucosa, including the submucosal glands, and there may be regeneration, hyperplasia, or metaplasia of the epithelium. With chronicity, there may be fibrosis of the affected airways. Bronchiectasis may need to be differentiated from emphysema. While bronchiectasis is a lesion of the airways, emphysema is an enlarged airspace in the alveolar parenchyma caused by breakdown of the septal walls (see Lung - Emphysema ). Bronchiectasis is usually secondary to bronchitis, such as that caused by pulmonary infection, aspiration, or, less commonly, test-article-associated effects. In rats, it has often been caused by infection with).

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Bronchiectasis should be diagnosed whenever present and given a severity grade. A site modifier should be included in the diagnosis to indicate which airways are affected. If bronchi and bronchioles are both affected, the site modifier may be omitted and the location of the lesion described in the pathology narrative. It should be noted in the pathology narrative whether or not the airway dilation is treatment related, or secondary to an infectious disease. Related Links: Lung - Emphysema

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0849.jpg

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