# 纤维化（Fibrosis）

- 器官 / 系统：肺 / 呼吸系统（lung / respiratory-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0108
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/lung-fibrosis.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#lung-fibrosis
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/respiratory-system/lung/Fibrosis
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
纤维化在显微镜下表现为纤维组织数量增加，取代或扩张正常结构。

## 病变描述（中文）
纤维化在显微镜下表现为纤维组织数量增加，取代或扩张正常结构。纤维化可发生于肺内任何部位，包括肺泡间隔或间质（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3）、气道（Figure 4、Figure 5、Figure 6）以及胸膜（Figure 7、Figure 8），具体取决于特定受试物产生损伤的部位。纤维化通常由成熟、致密的胶原组成，但也可能存在疏松未成熟胶原的区域。在气道中，纤维化常表现为纤维组织呈局灶性（focal）突起突入气道腔，可部分阻塞管腔（Figure 4），但也可能表现为气道壁的circumferential增厚（Figure 5、Figure 6）。由于纤维化通常是组织损伤的一种反应（当无法修复时，用以取代受损组织），因此常伴有炎症。纤维化可通过胶原特殊染色予以确认。采用Mason三色染色技术时，成熟胶原染成蓝色（Figure 2）。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
肺 - 纤维化只要存在即应诊断并分级。纤维化的部位（肺泡、支气管/细支气管、胸膜）应作为部位修饰词纳入诊断。累及肺泡间隔（肺泡壁）的纤维化首选术语为肺，间质 - 纤维化。若纤维化与炎症同时发生，应分别诊断，但若纤维化程度极轻微或为sporadic（仅发生于少数动物），则可在病理学叙述中描述，而不单独诊断。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Fibrosis appears microscopically as an increase in the amount of fibrous tissue that either replaces or expands normal structures. Fibrosis can occur anywhere in the lung, including alveolar septa or interstitium ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , and Figure 3 ), airways ( Figure 4 , Figure 5 , and Figure 6 ), and pleura ( Figure 7 and Figure 8 ), depending on the site at which a particular agent produces damage. Fibrosis generally consists of mature, dense collagen, although areas of loose immature collagen may also be present. In airways, the fibrosis commonly occurs as focal projections of fibrous tissue into the airway lumen that may partially occlude the lumen (Figure 4) but may also occur as circumferential thickening of the airway wall ( Figure 5 and Figure 6 ). Because fibrosis is often a response to tissue damage (it is meant to replace damaged tissue when repair is not possible), it is often associated with inflammation. Fibrosis can be confirmed with special stains for collagen. With the Mason''s trichrome staining technique, mature collagen stains blue ( Figure 2 ).

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Lung - Fibrosis should be diagnosed and graded whenever present. The location of the fibrosis (alveolus, bronchus/bronchiole, pleura) should be included in the diagnosis as a site modifier. The preferred terminology for fibrosis involving the interalveolar septa (alveolar walls) is Lung, Interstitium - Fibrosis. If fibrosis occurs in conjunction with inflammation, it should be diagnosed separately, though if the degree of fibrosis is very minimal or sporadic (occurring in only a few animals), it may be described in the pathology narrative in lieu of a separate diagnosis.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0860.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0861.jpg

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