# 平滑肌肥大（Hypertrophy Smooth Muscle）

- 器官 / 系统：肺 / 呼吸系统（lung / respiratory-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0099
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/lung-hypertrophy-smooth-muscle.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#lung-hypertrophy-smooth-muscle
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/respiratory-system/lung/HypertrophySmoothMuscle
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
支气管平滑肌肥大（bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy）（Figure 1）的特征是平滑肌细胞体积增大以及气道周围平滑肌层增厚。

## 病变描述（中文）
支气管平滑肌肥大（bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy）（Figure 1）的特征是平滑肌细胞体积增大以及气道周围平滑肌层增厚。这是类似慢性哮喘的疾病状态下气道壁重塑的一个特征。气道平滑肌质量增加通常由平滑肌细胞增生（hyperplasia）和肥大（hypertrophy）两者共同构成，并可能促进支气管狭窄和气道高反应性。在毒性研究的对照动物中偶尔可见该病变（Figure 1），但其意义尚不清楚。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
肺，平滑肌 - 肥大（Lung, Smooth muscle - Hypertrophy）应当作出诊断并赋予严重程度分级。应当包含部位修饰词（即支气管或细支气管），以指明受累的是哪种类型的气道。如果两种类型的气道均受累，则可省略部位修饰词，并在病理学描述中描述受累气道。相关病变，如炎症或纤维化，应当单独诊断。在某些情况下，当平滑肌肥大是更为显著的炎症性或反应性过程的次要成分时，可在病理学描述中将平滑肌肥大作为该过程的一个组成部分加以描述，而不作出诊断。如果同时存在平滑肌细胞增生，可在病理学描述中加以描述。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy ( Figure 1 ) is characterized by increased size of smooth muscle cells and thickening of the smooth muscle layer around airways. It is a feature of airway wall remodeling in disease states resembling chronic asthma. Increased airway smooth muscle mass usually consists of both smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and may contribute to bronchial narrowing and airway hyperresponsiveness. It is occasionally seen in control animals ( Figure 1 ) in toxicity studies, but the significance of the lesion is unclear.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Lung, Smooth muscle - Hypertrophy should be diagnosed and assigned a severity grade. A site modifier (i.e., bronchus or bronchiole) should be included to indicate which type of airway is affected. If both types of airways are affected, the site modifier may be omitted and the affected airways described in the pathology narrative. Associated lesions, such as inflammation or fibrosis, should be diagnosed separately. In some cases, where the smooth muscle hypertrophy is a minor component of a more prominent inflammatory or reactive process, the smooth muscle hypertrophy may be described in the pathology narrative as a component of that process, in lieu of a diagnosis. If hyperplasia of the smooth muscle cells is present concurrently, it may be described in the pathology narrative.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0873.jpg

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