# 矿物质（Mineral）

- 器官 / 系统：肺 / 呼吸系统（lung / respiratory-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0107
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/lung-mineral.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#lung-mineral
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/respiratory-system/lung/Mineral
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
矿物质（钙化）表现为颗粒状、团块状、层状、角状或线状嗜碱性物质的沉积，可位于细胞内或细胞外（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3、Figure 4）。

## 病变描述（中文）
矿物质（钙化）表现为颗粒状、团块状、层状、角状或线状嗜碱性物质的沉积，可位于细胞内或细胞外（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3、Figure 4）。转移性钙化由与甲状旁腺激素升高、维生素 D 相关疾病或肾衰竭导致继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进相关的高钙血症引起。营养不良性矿物质沉积发生于坏死区域（无论钙代谢是否紊乱）；它见于坏死组织内，通常不认为是间质性的。老年大鼠肺泡间质（肺泡间隔）中的转移性矿物质沉积常继发于慢性进行性肾病所致的肾衰竭。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
肺 - 当矿物质沉积被认为是原发性的而非继发于坏死时（即转移性矿物质沉积），应当作出诊断。诊断中应包含部位修饰词（例如 interstitium、blood vessel）以指明矿物质沉积的位置。首选术语为“mineral”而非“mineralization”。作出诊断时，应赋予严重程度分级。相关病变，如炎症，应单独诊断。继发于坏死的矿物质沉积（营养不良性矿物质沉积）仅在病理学家认为其严重程度足以需要单独诊断时才应诊断。所诊断的任何与处理相关的矿物质沉积，其发病机制应在病理学叙述中讨论。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Mineral (calcification) is seen as deposits of granular, clumped, laminated, angular, or linear basophilic material that can be intracellular or extracellular ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , and Figure 4 ). Metastatic calcification results from hypercalcemia related to increased parathyroid hormone, vitamin D-related disorders, or renal failure resulting in secondary hyperparathyroidism. Dystrophic mineral occurs in areas of necrosis (regardless of derangements of calcium metabolism); it is found within the necrotic tissue and is not generally considered to be interstitial. Metastatic mineral in the alveolar interstitium (alveolar septa) in aged rats is often secondary to renal failure caused by chronic progressive nephropathy.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Lung - Mineral should be diagnosed when it is considered to be primary and not secondary to necrosis (i.e., metastatic mineralization). A site modifier (e.g., interstitium, blood vessel) should be included in the diagnosis to indicate the location of the mineral. The term "mineral" is preferred over "mineralization." When diagnosed, it should be assigned a severity grade. Associated lesions, such as inflammation, should be diagnosed separately. Mineral secondary to necrosis (dystrophic mineralization) should be diagnosed only when, in the pathologist’s opinion, it is severe enough to warrant a separate diagnosis. The pathogenesis of any treatment-related mineral that is diagnosed should be discussed in the pathology narrative.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0883.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0884.jpg

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