# 细胞质空泡化（Vacuolization Cytoplasmic）

- 器官 / 系统：肺 / 呼吸系统（lung / respiratory-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0111
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/lung-vacuolization-cytoplasmic.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#lung-vacuolization-cytoplasmic
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/respiratory-system/lung/VacuolizationCytoplasmic
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
肺内的细胞质空泡化（cytoplasmic vacuolization）最常见于小鼠的气道上皮（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3、Figure 4），但也可见于其他物种及其他类型的上皮细胞。

## 病变描述（中文）
肺内的细胞质空泡化（cytoplasmic vacuolization）最常见于小鼠的气道上皮（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3、Figure 4），但也可见于其他物种及其他类型的上皮细胞。细胞质空泡化通常被认为是一种可逆的退行性改变。空泡化可能代表扩张并断裂的内质网。线粒体损伤可能导致β-氧化不足以及甘油三酯在线粒体或细胞质内蓄积。参与蛋白质合成的细胞成分受损可能导致载脂蛋白水平降低，进而导致脂质转运减少和脂质在细胞质内蓄积。空泡可能较大并使细胞质扩张，但空泡常常非常小（即仅在电子显微镜下可见）且数量众多，使细胞质呈苍白或蓝灰色外观。由于细胞质空泡化被认为是一种退行性改变，因此常伴有与组织损伤相关的其他改变，如炎症和坏死。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
肺 - 空泡化，细胞质（Lung - Vacuolization, Cytoplasmic）应予以诊断并分级。应在诊断中指明部位（如支气管、细支气管、肺泡）。如果细胞质空泡化是更严重的退行性或坏死性改变的特征，则应将退行性变或坏死作为记录的病变（见肺 - 上皮 - 坏死和肺 - 再生），并应在描述中叙述空泡化。相关病变，如炎症，应单独诊断并分级。相关链接：肺 - 上皮 - 坏死 肺 - 再生

## 英文原文 · Comment
Cytoplasmic vacuolization in the lungs is most commonly seen in the airway epithelium of mice ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , and Figure 4 ) but may also be seen in other species and in other types of epithelial cells. Cytoplasmic vacuolization is generally thought to represent a reversible degenerative change. The vacuolization may represent distended and pinched off endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondrial damage may lead to insufficient beta-oxidation and accumulation of triglycerides within the mitochondria or cytoplasm. Damage to cellular components involved in protein synthesis may lead to decreased levels of apolipoproteins, which lead to decreased lipid transport and the accumulation of lipid in the cytoplasm. The vacuoles may be large and distend the cytoplasm, but frequently the vacuoles are very small (i.e., visible only with electron microscopy) and numerous and give the cytoplasm a pale or bluish gray appearance. Since cytoplasmic vacuolization is thought to be a degenerative change, it is often accompanied by other changes associated with tissue damage, such as inflammation and necrosis.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Lung - Vacuolization, Cytoplasmic should be diagnosed and graded. The site (e.g., bronchus, bronchiole, alveolus) should be specified as part of the diagnosis. If the cytoplasmic vacuolization is a feature of a more severe degenerative or necrotic change, then degeneration or necrosis should be the recorded lesion (see Lung - Epithelium - Necrosis and Lung - Regeneration ) and the vacuolization should be described in the narrative. Associated lesions, such as inflammation, should be diagnosed and graded separately. Related Links: Lung - Epithelium - Necrosis Lung - Regeneration

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0892.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0890.jpg

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