# 充血（Congestion）

- 器官 / 系统：淋巴结 / 免疫系统（lymph-node / immune-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0001
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/lymph-node-congestion.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#lymph-node-congestion
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/immune-system/lymph-node/Congestion
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
在啮齿类动物的淋巴结中可见血管（如毛细血管或微静脉）充血（congestion），尤其与血管扩张（angiectasis）相关（Figure 1、Figure 2，箭头）。

## 病变描述（中文）
在啮齿类动物的淋巴结中可见血管（如毛细血管或微静脉）充血（congestion），尤其与血管扩张（angiectasis）相关（Figure 1、Figure 2，箭头）。充血的特征是血管内血液过度积聚，其原因或为流入增加，或为回流受阻。充血的血管可能扩张（血管扩张性），也可能不扩张。在淋巴结中，充血应与窦性红细胞增多（sinus erythrocytosis）、出血（hemorrhage）、血管瘤（hemangioma）及血管肉瘤（hemangiosarcoma）相鉴别。充血与窦性红细胞增多的区别在于，血液积聚于血管腔内而非淋巴窦内。充血与出血的区别在于，红细胞及其他血液成分位于血管内而非外渗。充血可伴随血管瘤或血管肉瘤出现；但该病变为继发性，且通常由正常的血液成分构成。充血时可伴有外渗的红细胞，但在无坏死或其他病变的情况下，这些外渗红细胞应归因于剖检技术，并被视为解剖所致的人工假象。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
当认为淋巴结充血与受试物相关时，应予以诊断并分级。若淋巴结充血继发于其他病变（如血管扩张或肿瘤），或认为系安乐死、剖检或动物死亡方式所致，则不应诊断，但可在病理学描述中加以描述。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Congestion of blood vessels (e.g., capillaries or venules) may be seen in lymph nodes of rodents, particularly associated with angiectasis ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 , arrows). Congestion is characterized by excessive accumulation of blood within a vessel, due either to increased afflux or to obstruction of return flow. Congested vessels may or may not be dilated (angiectatic). In the lymph node, congestion should be distinguished from sinus erythrocytosis, hemorrhage, hemangioma, and hemangiosarcoma. Congestion differs from sinus erythrocytosis in that the accumulation of blood is within blood vessel lumens and not lymphatic sinuses. Congestion differs from hemorrhage in that erythrocytes and other blood components are intravascular and not extravasated. Congestion may accompany a hemangioma or hemangiosarcoma; however, the lesion is secondary and typically consists of normal blood components. Extravasated erythrocytes may be present with congestion, but in the absence of necrosis or other lesions, they are attributed to necropsy technique and considered to be a dissection-induced artifact.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
When lymph node congestion is believed to be associated with treatment, it should be diagnosed and graded. If lymph node congestion is secondary to another lesion (e.g., angiectasis or neoplasia) or believed to be the result of euthanasia, necropsy, or the manner in which the animal died, it should not be diagnosed but may be described in the pathology narrative.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0389.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0395.jpg

整理：北京天融慧通科技有限责任公司（LabSmart）｜ https://www.labsmart.cn