# 嗅上皮呼吸上皮化生（Olfactory Epithelium Metaplasia Respiratory）

- 器官 / 系统：鼻 / 呼吸系统（nose / respiratory-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0131
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/nose-olfactory-epithelium-metaplasia-respiratory.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#nose-olfactory-epithelium-metaplasia-respiratory
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/respiratory-system/nose/OlfactoryEpithelium-MetaplasiaRespiratory
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
呼吸道上皮化生（respiratory metaplasia）定义为嗅上皮被纤毛呼吸上皮所取代（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3、Figure 4）。

## 病变描述（中文）
呼吸道上皮化生（respiratory metaplasia）定义为嗅上皮被纤毛呼吸上皮所取代（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3、Figure 4）。呼吸道上皮化生的存在意味着嗅上皮已通过坏死或萎缩发生了丧失。在受影响的嗅上皮下方，可发生与处理相关的嗅神经萎缩。在对照动物中，有时可见小的 局灶性（focal）、单侧呼吸道上皮化生区域（Figure 4）。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
呼吸道上皮化生应当被诊断并分级。当鼻为明显或潜在靶器官时，对照动物中所见的小的、局灶性（focal） 病变应当被诊断。与嗅上皮呼吸道上皮化生相关的坏死或萎缩不应被诊断，除非它明确是一个独立过程，且嗅上皮其他部位存在萎缩或坏死区域。呼吸道上皮化生常见于受影响的嗅上皮下方 Bowman 腺（Bowman’s glands）的上皮中。这可在叙述中描述，而不单独诊断，除非其显著程度或严重程度 warrant（需要）单独诊断（见 Nose - Olfactory Epithelium, Glands - Metaplasia）。嗅神经萎缩也应在叙述中描述，除非其严重程度 warrant 单独诊断。相关链接：Nose - Olfactory Epithelium, Glands - Metaplasia

## 英文原文 · Comment
Respiratory metaplasia is defined as the replacement of olfactory epithelium with a ciliated, respiratory epithelium ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , and Figure 4 ). The presence of respiratory metaplasia implies that loss of olfactory epithelium has occurred through necrosis or atrophy. Treatment-related atrophy of olfactory nerves beneath the affected olfactory epithelium can occur. Small focal, unilateral areas of respiratory metaplasia can sometimes be seen in control animals ( Figure 4 ).

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Respiratory metaplasia should be diagnosed and graded. Small, focal lesions seen in control animals should be diagnosed when the nose is an obvious or potential target organ. Necrosis or atrophy associated with respiratory metaplasia of the olfactory epithelium should not be diagnosed unless it is clearly a separate process and atrophic or necrotic areas are present elsewhere in the olfactory epithelium. It is common for respiratory metaplasia to be present in the epithelium of the Bowman’s glands beneath the affected olfactory epithelium. This can be described in the narrative and not diagnosed separately unless warranted by its prominence or severity (see Nose - Olfactory Epithelium, Glands - Metaplasia ). Atrophy of the olfactory nerves should also be described in the narrative, unless its severity warrants a separate diagnosis. Related Links: Nose - Olfactory Epithelium, Glands - Metaplasia

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0937.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0936.jpg

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