# 鼻甲萎缩（Turbinate Atrophy）

- 器官 / 系统：鼻 / 呼吸系统（nose / respiratory-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0149
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/nose-turbinate-atrophy.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#nose-turbinate-atrophy
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/respiratory-system/nose/Turbinate-Atrophy
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
鼻甲萎缩（Figure 2、Figure 4；与Figure 1、Figure 3所示的对照相比）可在暴露于高刺激性物质后发生，最常见于慢性吸入研究中。

## 病变描述（中文）
鼻甲萎缩（Figure 2、Figure 4；与Figure 1、Figure 3所示的对照相比）可在暴露于高刺激性物质后发生，最常见于慢性吸入研究中。它通常伴随或先于上皮性病变出现，如坏死或炎症。它可能伴有其他骨骼病变，如骨质增生（骨量增加）、鼻甲骨坏死或鼻中隔穿孔。炎症和上皮性病变也可能存在。鼻甲萎缩的发病机制尚未阐明，但据推测，慢性炎症期间上皮细胞和/或炎症细胞释放的细胞因子使骨吸收与新骨生成之间的平衡向破骨细胞活性方向偏移（可能还伴有成骨细胞活性降低），导致骨量净丢失。据报道，雄性比雌性更易发生鼻甲萎缩。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
鼻甲萎缩只要存在就应诊断，并赋予严重程度分级。其他病变，包括鼻中隔穿孔和骨质增生，当其显著程度或严重程度足以支持时，应单独诊断。相关链接：鼻－嗅上皮－萎缩

## 英文原文 · Comment
Atrophy of the turbinats ( Figure 2 and Figure 4 ; compare with controls shown in Figure 1 and Figure 3 ) can occur after exposure to highly irritating agents and is most commonly seen in chronic inhalation studies. It is typically accompanied or preceded by epithelial lesions, such as necrosis or inflammation. It may be accompanied by other bone lesions, such as hyperostosis (increased bone), necrosis of the turbinate bone, or perforation of the nasal septum. Inflammation and epithelial lesions may also be present. The pathogenesis of turbinate atrophy has not been elucidated, but it has been hypothesized that cytokines released by epithelial cells and/or inflammatory cells during chronic inflammation shift the balance between bone resorption and new bone production toward osteoclastic activity (and perhaps decreased osteoblastic activity, as well), resulting in a net loss of bone. Males are reported to be more susceptible to atrophy of the turbinates than are females.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Atrophy of the turbinates should be diagnosed whenever present and assigned a severity grade. Other lesions, including perforation of the nasal septum and hyperostosis, should be diagnosed separately when warranted by their prominence or severity. Related Links: Nose - Olfactory Epithelium - Atrophy

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0950.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0951.jpg

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