# 鳞状囊肿（Cyst Squamous）

- 器官 / 系统：口腔黏膜 / 消化系统（oral-mucosa / alimentary-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0227
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/oral-mucosa-cyst-squamous.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#oral-mucosa-cyst-squamous
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/alimentary-system/oral-mucosa/CystSquamous
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
鳞状囊肿（Squamous cyst）（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3）由分化良好的角化鳞状上皮衬覆，囊腔内通常含有角蛋白。

## 病变描述（中文）
鳞状囊肿（Squamous cyst）（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3）由分化良好的角化鳞状上皮衬覆，囊腔内通常含有角蛋白。鳞状囊肿属于先天性异常，因此被视为偶发性病变。它们通常为单房结构，衬覆囊肿的鳞状上皮中可能存在毛囊。该病变的可能鉴别诊断包括牙龈囊性角化性增生（cystic keratinizing hyperplasia）、牙周袋（periodontal pocket）和鳞状细胞癌（squamous cell carcinoma）。囊性角化性增生的特征是牙龈区域上皮显著增生并呈乳头状皱褶隆起，形成充满角蛋白的囊样腔隙。该病变与囊性区域相邻或附近的增生性牙龈上皮区域相关，而鳞状囊肿往往为单个、孤立性病变，与口腔内上皮增生区域无关。牙周袋与鳞状囊肿相似，但牙周袋始终位于牙周围，因为它代表异常加深的牙龈沟。牙周袋衬覆的鳞状上皮中无毛囊。鳞状细胞癌具有侵袭性，细胞多形性且非典型，不表现出有序的成熟过程。（见口腔黏膜－增生，囊性，角化性及牙－牙周袋）。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
鳞状囊肿被视为偶发性背景病变，但为完整性起见，当存在时应予以诊断。在 NTP 研究中，囊肿通常不分级。相关链接：口腔黏膜－增生，囊性，角化性；牙－牙周袋

## 英文原文 · Comment
Squamous cysts ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , and Figure 3 ) are lined by well-differentiated, keratinized squamous epithelium, and the lumen usually contains keratin. Squamous cysts are congenital anomalies and therefore are considered incidental lesions. They are usually unilocular structures that may have hair follicles in the squamous epithelium lining the cyst. Possible differentials for this lesion are cystic keratinizing hyperplasia of the gingiva, periodontal pockets, and squamous cell carcinoma. Cystic keratinizing hyperplasia is characterized by areas in the gingiva in which the epithelium is markedly hyperplastic and raised in papillary folds, forming cyst-like spaces filled with keratin. The lesion is associated with areas of hyperplastic gingival epithelium adjacent to or near the cystic areas, whereas squamous cysts tend to be a single, isolated lesions with no association to areas of epithelial hyperplasia in the oral cavity. Periodontal pockets are similar to squamous cysts, but they are always located around the tooth, as they represent an abnormally deepened gingival sulcus. Periodontal pockets do not have hair follicles in the squamous epithelium lining the pocket. Squamous cell carcinomas are invasive, and the cells are pleomorphic and atypical and do not exhibit orderly maturation. (See Oral Mucosa - Hyperplasia, Cystic, Keratinizing and Tooth - Periodontal Pocket ).

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Squamous cysts are considered incidental background lesions but should be diagnosed when present for completeness sake. Cysts are generally not graded in NTP studies. Related Links: Oral Mucosa - Hyperplasia, Cystic, Keratinizing Tooth - Periodontal Pocket

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0024.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0019.jpg

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