# 血管扩张（Angiectasis）

- 器官 / 系统：卵巢 / 雌性生殖系统（ovary / reproductive-system-female）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0523
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/ovary-angiectasis.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#ovary-angiectasis
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/reproductive-system-female/ovary/Angiectasis
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
血管扩张（angiectasis）的特征是大小和形状不一的管道随机分布于卵巢实质中（Figure 1、Figure 2）。

## 病变描述（中文）
血管扩张（angiectasis）的特征是大小和形状不一的管道随机分布于卵巢实质中（Figure 1、Figure 2）。这些管道由单层扁平的梭形细胞衬覆，通常含有数量不等的血细胞。该病变在卵巢中的发生率小鼠高于大鼠。原有的卵巢血管扩张并充满血细胞，伴有卵巢实质受压。这是一种常见的年龄相关变化；然而，其机制尚未明确阐明。血管扩张必须与卵巢血管瘤样增生（angiomatous hyperplasia）、血管瘤（hemangioma）和血管肉瘤（hemangiosarcoma）相鉴别。在卵巢血管扩张中，血管数量不增加，衬覆扩张血管管道的内皮细胞在大小、形状和数量上均表现正常。在血管瘤样增生中，血管数量增加，但内皮细胞基本上正常。在血管瘤中，血管管道数量增加，伴有内皮细胞肥大。血管肉瘤的特征是边界不清的肿块，导致卵巢实质移位或破坏，由不规则、形成不良、具有潜在侵袭性的血管管道组成，这些管道由数量过多的多形性细胞衬覆，这些细胞通常胞质稀少，核增大、呈卵圆形、深染或呈空泡状。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
卵巢 - 血管扩张：只要存在即应诊断并分级。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Angiectasis is characterized by channels of variable size and shape randomly distributed throughout the ovarian parenchyma ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). These channels are lined by a single layer of flattened spindle-shaped cells and generally contain variable numbers of blood cells. This occurs in the ovaries more frequently in mice than in rats. Preexisting ovarian blood vessels become dilated and filled with blood cells, accompanied by compression of the ovarian parenchyma. This is a common age-related change; however, the mechanism has not been clearly elucidated. Angiectasis must be distinguished from ovarian angiomatous hyperplasia, hemangioma, and hemangiosarcoma. In ovarian angiectasis, the number of vessels is not increased, and the endothelial cells lining the dilated vascular channels appear normal in size, shape, and number. In angiomatous hyperplasia, there is an increase in the number of vessels, but the endothelial cells are essentially normal. In hemangioma, there is an increase in the number of vascular channels with hypertrophied endothelium. Hemangiosarcoma is characterized as a poorly delineated mass causing displacement or destruction of ovarian parenchyma, consisting of irregular, poorly formed, potentially invasive vascular channels lined by an excessive number of pleomorphic cells with generally scant cytoplasm and enlarged, oval hyperchromatic or vesicular nuclei.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Ovary - Angiectasis should be diagnosed and graded whenever present.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0612.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0613.jpg

整理：北京天融慧通科技有限责任公司（LabSmart）｜ https://www.labsmart.cn