# 色素（Pigment）

- 器官 / 系统：卵巢 / 雌性生殖系统（ovary / reproductive-system-female）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0520
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/ovary-pigment.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#ovary-pigment
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/reproductive-system-female/ovary/Pigment
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
卵巢中可见的各种色素（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3、Figure 4）包括蜡样质（ceroid）、含铁血黄素（hemosiderin）、血棕素（hematoidin）和黑色素（melanin）。

## 病变描述（中文）
卵巢中可见的各种色素（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3、Figure 4）包括蜡样质（ceroid）、含铁血黄素（hemosiderin）、血棕素（hematoidin）和黑色素（melanin）。在 NTP 项目中，已在 Fischer 344 大鼠和 B6C3F1 小鼠中观察到黄褐色、periodic-acid-Schiff 阳性且抗酸性蜡样质色素，但在小鼠中更为常见。黄色至褐色色素常被视为小鼠和大鼠卵巢的衰老性改变。蜡样质是最常见的色素，主要蓄积于间质细胞的细胞质中。给予干扰类固醇合成的化合物可能导致脂褐素（lipofuscin）蓄积。含铁血黄素和血棕素的蓄积可能与导致出血进入卵泡或黄体的血管病变有关。已有报道在有色素沉着的 B6C3F1 小鼠卵巢中发生黑色素蓄积，但所涉及的机制尚未阐明。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
卵巢 - 色素：当认为色素与研究相关（或不清楚是否与研究相关）时，或当色素异常显著时，应作出诊断。并非所有色素都必须诊断，因为有些色素在衰老动物中普遍存在，或是另一疾病过程（例如出血）的继发改变，不具有毒理学意义。病理学家应运用其判断来决定是否应诊断色素。即使使用一系列特殊染色，在组织学切片中确定色素的种类通常也很困难。因此，最恰当的诊断是“色素”（而非诊断色素的类型，例如含铁血黄素或脂褐素）。病理学描述应描述色素沉着的形态学特征。当诊断色素时，应给出严重程度分级。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Various pigments ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 ) seen in ovaries include ceroid, hemosiderin, hematoidin, and melanin. In the NTP program, yellow-brown, periodic-acid-Schiff-positive and acid-fast ceroid pigment has been observed in Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice but is more common in mice. Yellow to brown pigment is often seen as an aging change in mouse and rat ovaries. Ceroid is the pigment most frequently seen, and this accumulates mainly in the cytoplasm of interstitial cells. Administration of compounds that interfere with steroid synthesis may result in accumulation of lipofuscin. Accumulation of hemosiderin and hematoidin may be associated with vascular lesions resulting in hemorrhage into follicles or corpora lutea. Accumulation of melanin has been reported in the ovaries of pigmented B6C3F1 mice, but the mechanism involved has not been clarified.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Ovary - Pigment should be diagnosed when it is considered to be relevant to the study (or if it is unclear whether it is relevant to the study) or if it is unusually prominent. Not all pigments have to be diagnosed, as some are ubiquitous in aging animals or are secondary to another disease process (e.g., hemorrhage) and not toxicologically meaningful. The pathologist should use his or her judgment in deciding whether pigment should be diagnosed. Definitive pigment identification is often difficult in histologic sections, even with a battery of special stains. Therefore, a diagnosis of "pigment" (as opposed to diagnosing the type of pigment, e.g., hemosiderin or lipofuscin) is most appropriate. The pathology narrative should describe the morphologic features of the pigmentation. When pigment is diagnosed, it should be given a severity grade.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0647.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0658.jpg

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