# 局灶性增生（Hyperplasia Focal）

- 器官 / 系统：甲状旁腺 / 内分泌系统（parathyroid-gland / endocrine-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0054
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/parathyroid-gland-hyperplasia-focal.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#parathyroid-gland-hyperplasia-focal
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/endocrine-system/parathyroid-gland/HyperplasiaFocal
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
甲状旁腺增生（parathyroid hyperplasia）可为局灶性（focal）或弥漫性（diffuse），在大鼠中发生率低，在小鼠中罕见。

## 病变描述（中文）
甲状旁腺增生（parathyroid hyperplasia）可为局灶性（focal）或弥漫性（diffuse），在大鼠中发生率低，在小鼠中罕见。局灶性增生是增生与肥大的结合，增生的病灶因正常索状结构的改变和/或构成局灶性增生的肿大肥大细胞染色特性不同而突出于正常甲状旁腺实质。对周围实质的压迫可忽略不计；相比之下，甲状旁腺腺瘤（parathyroid adenoma）会引起邻近组织受压，且往往比增生更大。严重的局灶性增生可导致甲状旁腺肉眼可见的增大。局灶性甲状旁腺增生具有潜在的肿瘤前性质。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
局灶性（focal）甲状旁腺增生应当被诊断并赋予严重程度分级。如果两侧甲状旁腺均受累，诊断应限定为双侧（bilateral），严重程度分级应基于受累更严重的一侧腺体。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Parathyroid hyperplasia can be focal or diffuse and occurs in low incidence in rats and rarely in mice. Focal hyperplasia is a combination of hyperplasia and hypertrophy, with the hyperplastic foci standing out from the normal parathyroid parenchyma by virtue of structural alteration of the normal cords and/or differential tinctorial staining of the enlarged hypertrophic cells comprising the focal hyperplasia. There is negligible compression of surrounding parenchyma; in contrast, parathyroid adenomas cause compression of adjacent tissue and tend to be larger than hyperplasias. Severe focal hyperplasia can result in a grossly enlarged parathyroid. Focal parathyroid hyperplasia is potentially preneoplastic.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Focal parathyroid hyperplasia should be diagnosed and assigned a severity grade. If both parathyroids are involved, the diagnosis should be qualified as bilateral and the severity grade based on the more severely affect gland.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0274.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0277.jpg

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