# 矿化（Mineralization）

- 器官 / 系统：包皮腺 / 雄性生殖系统（preputial-gland / reproductive-system-male）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0455
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/preputial-gland-mineralization.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#preputial-gland-mineralization
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/reproductive-system-male/preputial-gland/Mineralization
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
矿化（mineralization）由不规则无定形嗜碱性物质沉积构成（箭头，Figure 1、Figure 2）。

## 病变描述（中文）
矿化（mineralization）由不规则无定形嗜碱性物质沉积构成（箭头，Figure 1、Figure 2）。矿化可发生两种类型：转移性（metastatic，与血钙水平升高相关的正常组织钙化）或营养不良性（dystrophic，与血钙水平升高无关的异常或退化组织中的矿物质沉积）。当呈全身性时，转移性矿化可存在于多个器官。矿化可为局灶性（focal）或多灶性（multifocal）。包皮腺中的矿化不常见，很可能是与化学处理无关的偶然发现。然而，它可能与炎症相关（Figure 2）。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
矿化应记录并给予严重程度分级。如果两侧腺体均受累，诊断应限定为双侧（bilateral），严重程度基于受累更严重的腺体。如果作为全身性反应发生于多个组织，则不必单独诊断包皮腺中的矿化。然而，其在包皮腺中的存在可在病理学叙述中提及。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Mineralization consists of deposition of irregular amorphous basophilic material (arrows, Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). Two types of mineralization may occur: metastatic (calcification of normal tissue associated with high blood levels of calcium) or dystrophic (mineral deposits in abnormal or degenerating tissue not associated with increased blood levels of calcium). When systemic, metastatic mineralization can be present in multiple organs. Mineralization can be focal or multifocal. Mineralization in the preputial gland is unusual and is likely an incidental finding unrelated to chemical treatment. However, it may be associated with inflammation ( Figure 2 ).

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Mineralization should be recorded and given a severity grade. If both glands are affected, the diagnosis should be qualified as bilateral and the severity based on the more severely affected gland. If it occurs in multiple tissues as a systemic response, it is not necessary to separately diagnose mineralization in the preputial gland. However, its presence in the preputial gland may be mentioned in the pathology narrative.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0768.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0772.jpg

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