# 淀粉样物质（Amyloid）

- 器官 / 系统：唾液腺 / 消化系统（salivary-gland / alimentary-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0240
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/salivary-gland-amyloid.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#salivary-gland-amyloid
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/alimentary-system/salivary-gland/Amyloid
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
组织中的淀粉样物质沉积（淀粉样变性（amyloidosis））是一种全身性疾病，在B6C3F1、BALB/c和C3H小鼠中罕见，但在CD-1、A、Swiss Webster、SJL和B6小鼠中常见，并且可以是死亡的原因。

## 病变描述（中文）
组织中的淀粉样物质沉积（淀粉样变性（amyloidosis））是一种全身性疾病，在B6C3F1、BALB/c和C3H小鼠中罕见，但在CD-1、A、Swiss Webster、SJL和B6小鼠中常见，并且可以是死亡的原因。其发生率可因群养雄性动物间的打斗以及外寄生虫感染而升高。淀粉样物质表现为无定形、嗜酸性、玻璃样、细胞外物质，随着其进行性蓄积，导致邻近细胞和组织萎缩。在唾液腺中，淀粉样物质可导致唾液腺腺泡萎缩（Figure 1、Figure 2）。在食管和小肠中，该病似乎始于淀粉样物质在黏膜下层的沉积。肾脏肾小球中的淀粉样物质沉积通常是死于淀粉样变性动物的死亡原因。刚果红（Congo red）将淀粉样物质染成橙色至橙红色，在偏振光下呈现浅绿色，即所谓的苹果绿荧光。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
无论何时出现，唾液腺中的淀粉样物质沉积都应诊断为“淀粉样物质（amyloid）”，并根据淀粉样物质沉积的范围进行分级。相关的组织萎缩无需单独诊断，但可在叙述中描述。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Amyloid deposition in tissues (amyloidosis) is a systemic disease that is rare in B6C3F1, BALB/c, and C3H mice but common in CD-1, A, Swiss Webster, SJL, and B6 mice and can be a cause of death. The incidence can be increased in association with fighting among group-housed males and with ectoparasitism. Amyloid appears as an amorphous, eosinophilic, hyaline, extracellular substance that, with progressive accumulation, results in atrophy of adjacent cells and tissue. In the salivary gland, the amyloid can cause atrophy of the salivary gland acini ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). In the esophagus and small intestine, the disease appears to begin as a deposition of amyloid in the submucosa. Amyloid deposits in the glomeruli of the kidney are usually the cause of death in animals that die with amyloidosis. Congo red stains amyloid orange to orange red and under polarized light imparts a light green, so-called apple green, fluorescence.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Whenever present, amyloid deposits in the salivary gland should be diagnosed as "amyloid" and graded based on the extent of the amyloid deposits. Associated atrophy of the tissues need not be diagnosed separately but can be described in the narrative.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0036.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0037.jpg

整理：北京天融慧通科技有限责任公司（LabSmart）｜ https://www.labsmart.cn