# 矿化（Mineralization）

- 器官 / 系统：骨骼肌 / 骨骼肌肉系统（skeletal-muscle / musculoskeletal-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0591
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/skeletal-muscle-mineralization.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#skeletal-muscle-mineralization
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/musculoskeletal-system/skeletal-muscle/Mineralization
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
矿化（mineralization）的组织学特征是存在深嗜碱性的细至粗颗粒状沉积物，钙组织化学染色呈阳性。

## 病变描述（中文）
矿化（mineralization）的组织学特征是存在深嗜碱性的细至粗颗粒状沉积物，钙组织化学染色呈阳性。还可能存在多核异物巨细胞、急性或慢性炎症和/或成纤维细胞反应。矿化既可作为局部创伤/坏死的结果（营养不良性）发生，也可由全身性钙磷失衡（转移性）引起。虽然营养不良性矿化在大鼠中不是常见的反应，但某些小鼠品系，尤其是 BALB/c、C3H 和 DBA，特别易感。骨骼肌的营养不良性或转移性钙化偶尔作为自发性变化被观察到；然而，饮食、激素变化、给予氢化可的松以及内源性皮质类固醇高分泌均被推测为促成因素。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
当骨骼肌矿化显著或为主要病变（即转移性矿化）时，应进行诊断并分级。作为坏死组成部分发生的矿化无需单独记录（除非因严重程度而有必要），但应在病理学叙述中描述。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Mineralization is histologically characterized by the presence of deeply basophilic fine to coarse granular deposits that stain positively with histochemical stains for calcium. Multinucleated foreign-body giant cells, acute or chronic inflammation, and/or a fibroblastic response may also be present. Mineralization can occur either as a result of local trauma/necrosis (dystrophic) or due to systemic Ca:P imbalances (metastatic). While dystrophic mineralization is not a common response in rats, certain mouse strains, notably BALB/c, C3H, and DBA, are particularly susceptible. Dystrophic or metastatic calcification of skeletal muscle is sporadically observed as a spontaneous change; however, diet, hormonal changes, administration of hydrocortisone, and high endogenous secretion of corticosteroids have all been postulated as contributing factors.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
When mineralization of skeletal muscle is significant or is a primary lesion (i.e., metastatic mineralization), it should be diagnosed and graded. Mineralization that occurs as a component of necrosis does not need to be recorded separately (unless warranted by severity) but should be described in the pathology narrative.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0552.jpg

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