# 再生（Regeneration）

- 器官 / 系统：骨骼肌 / 骨骼肌肉系统（skeletal-muscle / musculoskeletal-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0584
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/skeletal-muscle-regeneration.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#skeletal-muscle-regeneration
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/musculoskeletal-system/skeletal-muscle/Regeneration
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
再生骨骼肌纤维的组织学特征为存在明显的（活化的）星状细胞、成排的内部肌母细胞核以及胞质嗜碱性（Figure 1、Figure 2）。

## 病变描述（中文）
再生骨骼肌纤维的组织学特征为存在明显的（活化的）星状细胞、成排的内部肌母细胞核以及胞质嗜碱性（Figure 1、Figure 2）。虽然在大多数物种中，内部核在再生早期倾向于向周边迁移，但啮齿类动物往往会在一定时间内保留其内部核。这可作为先前发生过坏死和再生的纤维的标志。这些纤维常常失去活跃再生的肌管所特有的嗜碱性染色（Figure 3、Figure 4）。再生肌纤维通常存在于活动性坏死或变性区域内或附近，而再生的程度会受到损伤性刺激与样本采集之间间隔时间长短的影响。在先前或同时不存在肌毒性情况下出现的偶见成排细胞核，很可能反映背景性的细胞更新和修复，不需要作出诊断。营养性、劳力性和中毒性肌病可导致大范围的肌肉损伤；然而，修复往往极为有效。相比之下，缺血所致损伤后的修复过程往往无效。这很可能是由于卫星细胞和肌内膜细胞随后死亡所致。常导致大范围的纤维化。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
当再生超过背景水平时，应记录并进行分级。当再生与伴随的肌纤维变性相关时，除非严重程度需要，否则不需要单独记录，但应在病理学叙述中加以描述。伴随的肌病性改变，如炎症或纤维化，在严重程度需要时也应单独记录并进行分级。相关链接：骨骼肌 - 坏死

## 英文原文 · Comment
Regenerating skeletal muscle fibers are histologically characterized by the presence of prominent (activated) stellate cells, rows of internal myoblast nuclei, and cytoplasmic basophilia ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). While in most species internal nuclei tend to peripheralize early in regeneration, rodents tend to retain their internal nuclei for some time. This can serve as a marker for fibers that had previously undergone necrosis and regeneration. These fibers often lose the characteristic basophilic staining of an actively regenerating myotube ( Figure 3 and Figure 4 ). Regenerating myofibers are commonly present within or near areas of active necrosis or degeneration, and the degree of regeneration present will be influenced by the amount of time that has passed between the injurious stimulus and sample collection. Occasional rowing of nuclei in the absence of prior or concurrent myotoxicity likely reflects background cellular turnover and repair and does not warrant a diagnosis. Nutritional, exertional, and toxic myopathies can result in extensive regions of muscle damage; however, repair is often extremely effective. In contrast, the reparative process following damage due to ischemia is often ineffective. This is likely due to the subsequent death of the satellite cells and endomysial cells. Extensive regions of fibrosis often result.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Regeneration should be recorded and graded when above background levels. When regeneration is associated with concomitant myofiber degeneration, it does not need to be recorded separately unless warranted by severity, but it should be described in the pathology narrative. Concurrent myopathic changes, such as inflammation or fibrosis, should also be recorded and graded separately when warranted by severity. Related Links: Skeletal Muscle - Necrosis

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0557.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0548.jpg

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