# 纤维附件错构瘤（Fibroadnexal Hamartoma）

- 器官 / 系统：皮肤 / 皮肤系统（skin / integumentary-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0374
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/skin-fibroadnexal-hamartoma.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#skin-fibroadnexal-hamartoma
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/integumentary-system/skin/FibroadnexalHamartoma
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
纤维附属器错构瘤（fibroadnexal hamartoma）是不常见的自发性病变。

## 病变描述（中文）
纤维附属器错构瘤（fibroadnexal hamartoma）是不常见的自发性病变。它们由一个或多个毛囊皮脂腺单位组成，其中毛囊通常扩张，并可能被丰富的纤维结缔组织包围（Figure 4、Figure 5、Figure 6）。毛囊上皮可能变扁平（Figure 5、Figure 6），也可能轻度增生并突入周围结缔组织（Figure 3）。多个皮脂腺常与单个毛囊相关联。覆盖其上的表皮常增生并角化过度。病变可呈外生性（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3）或扁平（Figure 4、Figure 5、Figure 6）。这些病变的发病机制尚不清楚。它们是发育不良性病变，但不太可能是肿瘤前病变。目前尚不清楚它们是在创伤部位作为异常愈合反应而发展而来，还是先天性的。在 NTP 数据库中确认的 6 例错构瘤中，4 例见于大鼠，2 例见于小鼠。其中 1 例发生于雌性大鼠；其余均发生于雄性。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
这些病变在剖检时偶尔可肉眼观察到，需要结合组织学诊断。因此，只要存在就应作出诊断，但不应赋予严重程度分级。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Fibroadnexal hamartomas are uncommon spontaneous lesions. They consist of one or more pilosebaceous units in which the hair follicle is usually dilated and may be surrounded by abundant fibrous connective tissue ( Figure 4 , Figure 5 , and Figure 6 ). The epithelium of the hair follicle may be flattened ( Figure 5 and Figure 6 ), or it may be slightly hyperplastic with projections into the surrounding connective tissue ( Figure 3 ). Multiple sebaceous glands are often associated with a single follicle. The overlying epidermis is often hyperplastic and hyperkeratotic. The lesions may be exophytic ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , and Figure 3 ) or flat ( Figure 4 , Figure 5 , and Figure 6 ). The pathogenesis of these lesions is unknown. They are dysplastic lesions but are not likely to be preneoplastic. It is unknown if they develop as an abnormal healing response at sites of trauma or if they are congenital. Of 6 hamartomas identified in the NTP database, 4 have been seen in rats and 2 in mice. One occurred in a female rat; all others occurred in males.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
These lesions are occasionally observed grossly at necropsy and require a correlating histologic diagnosis. Therefore, they should be diagnosed whenever present but should not be assigned a severity grade.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0480.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0483.jpg

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