# 溃疡和糜烂（Ulcerand Erosion）

- 器官 / 系统：皮肤 / 皮肤系统（skin / integumentary-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0371
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/skin-ulcerand-erosion.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#skin-ulcerand-erosion
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/integumentary-system/skin/UlcerandErosion
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
表皮溃疡（Figure 1、Figure 2）是小鼠和大鼠中最常见的自发病变之一，但也可能与受试物的皮肤给药相关。

## 病变描述（中文）
表皮溃疡（Figure 1、Figure 2）是小鼠和大鼠中最常见的自发病变之一，但也可能与受试物的皮肤给药相关。溃疡的特征为表皮（包括基底膜）节段性或更广泛的缺失，并暴露出其下的真皮。糜烂的特征为上皮部分缺失，基底膜保持完整。糜烂可为细微、浅表的病变，仅累及上层细胞缺失，可能难以识别。除非为超急性病变，这些病变通常伴有浅表真皮炎症，并可能伴有表皮增生，尤其是在溃疡边缘。严重溃疡时，炎症可延伸至深部真皮或皮下组织。慢性化时，作为愈合反应的一部分，可能出现新生血管形成和纤维化。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
表皮溃疡和糜烂只要存在，就应记录并赋予严重程度分级。相关所见，如炎症、表皮增生、角化过度、水肿或真皮纤维化，应在病理学描述中描述，不应单独诊断，除非病理学家判断有必要单独诊断。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Epidermal ulcers ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ) are among the most common spontaneous findings in mice and rats but may also be associated with dermal application of test agents. Ulcers are characterized by segmental or more extensive loss of the epidermis, including the basement membrane, with exposure of the underlying dermis. Erosion is characterized by the partial loss of the epithelium, with the basement membrane left intact. Erosions can be subtle, shallow lesions with loss of only the upper layers of cells and may be difficult to identify. Unless they are peracute, these lesions are typically accompanied by inflammation in the superficial dermis and may be accompanied by epidermal hyperplasia, particularly at the edges of ulcers. With severe ulcers, the inflammation may extend into the deep dermis or subcutis. With chronicity, there may be neovascularization and fibrosis as part of the healing response.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Whenever present, epidermal ulcerations and erosions should be documented and assigned a severity grade. Associated findings, such as inflammation, epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, edema, or dermal fibrosis, should be described in the pathology narrative and not diagnosed separately unless, in the pathologist's judgment, a separate diagnosis is warranted.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0511.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0501.jpg

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