# 血管扩张（Angiectasis）

- 器官 / 系统：脾脏 / 免疫系统（spleen / immune-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0045
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/spleen-angiectasis.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#spleen-angiectasis
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/immune-system/spleen/Angiectasis
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
血管扩张（angiectasis）由脾实质内大小不等的充满血液的腔隙构成，衬以纤细至不明显的内皮（Figure 1，箭头）。

## 病变描述（中文）
血管扩张（angiectasis）由脾实质内大小不等的充满血液的腔隙构成，衬以纤细至不明显的内皮（Figure 1，箭头）。脾脏血管扩张通常为局灶性（focal）病变，可能与纤维化或瘢痕区域相关（Figure 2，箭头），并且在小鼠中更常见。充血常与血管扩张同时出现。它应与出血、血管瘤和血管肉瘤相鉴别。血管扩张与出血的鉴别在于血管扩张中离散的充满血液的腔隙衬有内皮细胞。血管扩张与血管瘤之间的区别并不总是显而易见。血管瘤倾向于为边界清楚、无包膜的肿块，由紧密排列的扩张血管腔隙构成。每个血管腔隙均被单层外观正常的内皮细胞所包绕并衬覆，这些内皮细胞排列于胶原性间隔上，间隔通常较薄，尽管有些具有宽阔的胶原性间质。血管扩张通常不表现为边界清楚的肿块；扩张的血管通道常不规则地穿行于造血组织中。此外，血管扩张的扩张血管通道不具有侵袭性，也不显示内皮细胞异型性，这可将该病变与血管肉瘤相区分。血管扩张以往的术语包括“hemangiectasis”、“hemangiectasia”、“vasodilation”和“vasodilatation”。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
脾脏血管扩张应予以诊断并分级。如果它是肿瘤的组成部分或继发于肿瘤，则不应诊断，而应在病理学叙述中予以描述。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Angiectasis consists of variable-size blood-filled spaces within the splenic parenchyma, lined by delicate to inapparent endothelium ( Figure 1 , arrow). Angiectasis in the spleen is usually a focal lesion that may be associated with an area of fibrosis or scarring ( Figure 2 , arrow) and is more common in mice. Congestion is often seen with angiectasis. It should be distinguished from hemorrhage, hemangioma, and hemangiosarcoma. Angiectasis can be distinguished from hemorrhage by the presence of endothelial cells lining discrete blood-filled spaces in angiectasis. The distinction between angiectasis and hemangioma is not always obvious. Hemangiomas tend to be well-circumscribed, unencapsulated masses composed of tightly packed, dilated vascular spaces. Each vascular space is enclosed and lined by a single layer of normal-appearing endothelial cells aligned on collagenous septa, which are usually thin, although some have broad collagenous stroma. Angiectasis does not usually present as a well-circumscribed mass; the dilated vascular channels often course irregularly through the hematopoietic tissue. Furthermore, the dilated vascular channels of angiectasis are not invasive and do not demonstrate endothelial cell atypia, which differentiates this lesion from hemangiosarcoma. Previous terms for angiectasis include "hemangiectasis," "hemangiectasia," "vasodilation," and "vasodilatation."

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Splenic angiectasis should be diagnosed and graded. If it is a component of or secondary to a neoplasm, then it should not be diagnosed but should be described in the pathology narrative.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0414.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0419.jpg

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