# 萎缩（Atrophy）

- 器官 / 系统：脾脏 / 免疫系统（spleen / immune-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0044
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/spleen-atrophy.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#spleen-atrophy
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/immune-system/spleen/Atrophy
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
萎缩可累及脾脏的白髓和/或红髓部分。白髓的淋巴细胞萎缩以T细胞区（动脉周围淋巴鞘[PALS]）和/或B细胞区（滤泡、生发中心、边缘区）淋巴细胞丢失为特征。

## 病变描述（中文）
萎缩可累及脾脏的白髓和/或红髓部分。白髓的淋巴细胞萎缩以T细胞区（动脉周围淋巴鞘[PALS]）和/或B细胞区（滤泡、生发中心、边缘区）淋巴细胞丢失为特征。根据严重程度，这可导致PALS总体细胞密度/面积或滤泡数量/大小减少（Figure 1、Figure 2，箭头）。红髓萎缩以红髓成分相对量减少为特征，包括造血细胞（Figure 3、Figure 4，箭头）。脾萎缩可见于老年大鼠和小鼠的自发性变化，通常累及红髓和白髓部分。萎缩也可作为直接的治疗相关效应发生，或作为继发于体重减轻或体重增重减少的间接效应发生。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
无论何时出现，脾脏萎缩均应诊断并赋予严重程度分级。诊断中应包含部位修饰词，以指示受累的是红髓还是白髓。若两个部分均受累，则诊断为“脾脏 - 萎缩”。若脾萎缩作为继发性病变存在，如肿瘤形成时的情况，则无需记录，但应在病理学叙述中描述。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Atrophy can affect the white pulp and/or red pulp compartments of the spleen. Lymphocyte atrophy of the white pulp is characterized by a loss of lymphocytes in the T-cell areas (periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths [PALS]) and/or B-cell areas (follicles, germinal centers, marginal zones). Depending on severity, this can result in a decrease in overall PALS cellularity/area or follicle number/size ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 , arrows). Red pulp atrophy is characterized by a decrease in the relative amount of red pulp components, including hematopoietic cells ( Figure 3 and Figure 4 , arrows). Splenic atrophy can be observed as a spontaneous change in older rats and mice and typically involves red and white pulp compartments. Atrophy can also occur as a direct treatment-related effect or can be an indirect effect secondary to weight loss or reduced body weight gain.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Whenever present, atrophy of the spleen should be diagnosed and assigned a severity grade. A site modifier should be included in the diagnosis to indicate whether the red pulp or the white pulp is affected. If both compartments are involved, diagnose "Spleen - Atrophy." If splenic atrophy is present as a secondary lesion, as in the case of neoplasia, it need not be recorded but should be described in the pathology narrative.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0423.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0421.jpg

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