# 糜烂（Erosion）

- 器官 / 系统：前胃 / 消化系统（stomach-forestomach / alimentary-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0217
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/stomach-forestomach-erosion.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#stomach-forestomach-erosion
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/alimentary-system/stomach-forestomach/Erosion
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
糜烂（erosion，Figure 1、Figure 2）的定义是黏膜表面上皮层缺失，而溃疡（ulcer）则是全部上皮细胞层缺失，并延伸至黏膜下层。

## 病变描述（中文）
糜烂（erosion，Figure 1、Figure 2）的定义是黏膜表面上皮层缺失，而溃疡（ulcer）则是全部上皮细胞层缺失，并延伸至黏膜下层。糜烂可发生于胃肠道任何部位，但前胃是相对常见的部位。糜烂常发生于先前已存在上皮增生的区域。反之，糜烂的存在可诱导上皮细胞增殖（作为愈合反应），从而导致上皮增生。糜烂周围组织常见炎症。前胃糜烂可为自发性、继发于灌胃操作或与受试物相关（尤其是当受试物为刺激性物质时），但在许多情况下，糜烂的确切原因不明。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
前胃糜烂只要存在即应诊断。糜烂应根据病变的范围、数量和深度进行分级。继发性病变，如水肿、炎症及邻近上皮的增生，不应单独诊断，除非它们是病变的显著组成部分或被认为是原发病变（例如，增生先于糜烂发生）。如果坏死上皮仍然存在并附着于其下的固有层，则应诊断上皮坏死而非糜烂（见 Stomach, Forestomach - Necrosis）。相关链接：Stomach, Forestomach - Necrosis

## 英文原文 · Comment
An erosion ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ) is defined as the loss of superficial epithelial layers of the mucosa, whereas an ulcer is the loss of all epithelial cell layers, extending through to the submucosa. Erosions can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract, but the forestomach is a relatively common location. Erosions often occur in areas of preexisting epithelial hyperplasia. Alternatively, the presence of an erosion can induce epithelial cell proliferation (as a healing response), which can result in epithelial hyperplasia. Inflammation is common in tissues around erosions. Erosion of the forestomach can be spontaneous, secondary to the gavage procedure, or treatment related (especially when the test article is an irritant), but in many cases, the exact cause of erosions is not known.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Erosion of the forestomach should be diagnosed whenever present. Erosions should be graded based on the extent, number, and depth of the lesions. Secondary lesions, such as edema, inflammation, and hyperplasia of the adjacent epithelium, should not be diagnosed separately unless they are prominent components of the lesion or they are considered a primary lesion (e.g., the hyperplasia occurred prior to the erosion). Necrosis of the epithelium is diagnosed instead of erosion if the necrotic epithelium is still present and attached to the underlying lamina propria (see Stomach, Forestomach - Necrosis ). Related Links: Stomach, Forestomach - Necrosis

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0090.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0096.jpg

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