# 寄生虫后生动物（Parasite Metazoan）

- 器官 / 系统：前胃 / 消化系统（stomach-forestomach / alimentary-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0208
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/stomach-forestomach-parasite-metazoan.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#stomach-forestomach-parasite-metazoan
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/alimentary-system/stomach-forestomach/ParasiteMetazoan
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
由于现行的饲养管理方式，线虫感染较为罕见。然而，在大鼠的前胃中曾观察到筒线虫（Gongylonema spp.

## 病变描述（中文）
由于现行的饲养管理方式，线虫感染较为罕见。然而，在大鼠的前胃中曾观察到筒线虫（Gongylonema spp.）。筒线虫是后生动物寄生虫，最常发现于上消化道的上皮，包括食管、舌、口腔和前胃（Figure 1、Figure 2）。在某些动物的气管、支气管和肺中也曾观察到该虫。前胃中未见其他线虫属。线虫可能对宿主几乎不引起反应。多种筒线虫见于灵长类动物、大鼠、小鼠及其他啮齿动物，以及多种野生动物。其生活史通常需要节肢动物宿主（常见为蟑螂和甲虫）摄入其虫卵。群体环境中存在节肢动物媒介可能导致该寄生虫在群体内传播。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
线虫应诊断为“寄生虫，后生动物”，但不进行分级。如果能够鉴定到属种，应在病理学描述中注明。伴随的炎症或其他相关病变不应单独诊断，除非病理学家认为其由不同的病理过程所致，或严重程度足以需要单独诊断。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Because of current husbandry practices, nematode infections are rare. However, Gongylonema spp. have been seen in the forestomach of rats. Gongylonema nematodes are metazoan parasites most frequently found in the epithelium of the upper gastrointestinal tract, including the esophagus, tongue, buccal cavity, and forestomach ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). They have also been observed in the trachea, bronchi, and lungs of some animals. Other nematode genera have not been seen in the forestomach. Nematodes may elicit little response in the host. Various species occur in primates, rats, mice, and other rodents, plus a wide variety of wild animals. Their life cycle typically requires that an arthropod host, commonly cockroaches and beetles, ingest their ova. The presence of the arthropod vectors in a colony environment may result in transmission of this parasite within the colony.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Nematodes are to be diagnosed as "parasite, metazoan" but not graded. If the genus species can be identified it should be noted in the pathology narrative. Accompanying inflammation or other associated lesions should not be diagnosed separately unless the pathologist feels it is due to a different pathologic process or it is severe enough to warrant a separate diagnosis.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0102.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0110.jpg

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