# 透明滴（Hyaline Droplet）

- 器官 / 系统：腺胃 / 消化系统（stomach-glandular-stomach / alimentary-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0286
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/stomach-glandular-stomach-hyaline-droplet.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#stomach-glandular-stomach-hyaline-droplet
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/alimentary-system/stomach-glandular-stomach/HyalineDroplet
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
透明滴蓄积（hyaline droplet accumulation，既往称为“嗜酸性胞质改变”）由黏膜上皮细胞胞质内均质的球状透明物质组成。

## 病变描述（中文）
透明滴蓄积（hyaline droplet accumulation，既往称为“嗜酸性胞质改变”）由黏膜上皮细胞胞质内均质的球状透明物质组成。这些球状物可位于核下或核上位置。在晚期病例中，这些球状物可能伴有细胞内或细胞外嗜酸性蛋白性结晶。它们在H&E染色下呈明亮的嗜酸性，PAS染色呈阴性。该嗜酸性物质的组成尚不清楚，但在肺中，透明物质的蓄积和结晶的形成可诱发肺炎，结晶的主要成分已被鉴定为Ym1蛋白，属于几丁质酶样蛋白家族成员。蓄积倾向于在小鼠的心脏区更为常见，在大鼠则靠近界嵴。这与鼻上皮、下呼吸道和胰腺上皮细胞在轻度刺激下所见的物质蓄积相同。偶尔可见局灶性（focal）慢性炎症和隐窝脓肿，但通常透明滴蓄积不伴有炎症。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
透明滴蓄积应当进行诊断，并根据受累腺体的数量以及腺体内透明滴蓄积的量进行分级。含有透明滴的细胞可能增大，但除非细胞增大并非由透明物质所致，否则不应诊断为肥大（hypertrophy）。如果同时存在细胞变性，变性应当单独诊断。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Hyaline droplet accumulation (previously termed "eosinophilic cytoplasmic change") is composed of homogeneous globular hyaline material in the cytoplasm of the mucosal epithelial cells. The globules may be in sub- or supranuclear positions. In advanced cases, these globules may be associated with intra- or extracellular eosinophilic proteinaceous crystals. They stain brightly eosinophilic with H&E and negatively with periodic acid-Schiff. The composition of the eosinophilic material is unknown, but in the lung, where the accumulation of the hyaline material and formation of crystals induce pneumonia, the main component of the crystals has been identified as Ym1 protein, a member of the chitinase-like family of proteins. Accumulations tend to be more common in the cardiac region in mice and near the limiting ridge in rats. This is the same accumulation of material as seen in epithelial cells of the nasal epithelium, lower respiratory tract, and pancreas in response to minor irritation. Occasionally, focal chronic inflammation and crypt abscesses are seen, but usually hyaline droplet accumulation is present without inflammation.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Hyaline droplet accumulation should be diagnosed and graded based on the number of glands involved and the amount of hyaline droplet accumulation within glands. Cells containing hyaline droplets may be enlarged, but hypertrophy should not be diagnosed unless the cell enlargement is not due to the hyaline material. If there is concurrent degeneration of the cells, degeneration should be diagnosed separately.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0136.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0142.jpg

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