# 生殖细胞脱落（Germ Cell Exfoliation）

- 器官 / 系统：睾丸 / 雄性生殖系统（testis / reproductive-system-male）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0460
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/testis-germ-cell-exfoliation.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#testis-germ-cell-exfoliation
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/reproductive-system-male/testis/GermCell-Exfoliation
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
生精上皮内的生殖细胞可发生变性和/或凋亡，也可与周围支持细胞胞质突起失去接触而脱落进入管腔（Figure 1、Figure 2）。

## 病变描述（中文）
生精上皮内的生殖细胞可发生变性和/或凋亡，也可与周围支持细胞胞质突起失去接触而脱落进入管腔（Figure 1、Figure 2）。脱落的生殖细胞通常保持相对正常的形态。这些细胞会迅速被输送至附睾，并出现在附睾管腔内。该发现不应与尸检解剖时挤压睾丸所致的生殖细胞人为脱落相混淆。在尸检创伤所致脱落的情况下，附睾中不会见到生殖细胞。生殖细胞脱落已被描述为给予邻苯二甲酸酯类以及微管抑制剂（如秋水仙碱和杀菌剂多菌灵）后的主要发现。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
“生殖细胞脱落”一词应保留用于以生殖细胞大量脱落进入管腔为主要发现的情形。在这些情形下，应诊断生殖细胞脱落并对其进行分级，且若其发生率和/或严重程度似乎与受试物给予相关，应在病理学叙述中加以讨论。存在双侧受累时应予以诊断。若同时存在显著的生殖细胞变性，也应予以诊断并给出严重程度分级。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Germ cells may undergo degeneration and/or apoptosis within the seminiferous epithelium, or they may lose contact with the surrounding Sertoli cell cytoplasmic processes and be shed into the tubular lumen ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 ). Often the exfoliated germ cells retain relatively normal morphology. The cells will rapidly be transported into the epididymis and will be present in the ductular lumens. The finding should not be confused with artifactual sloughing of germ cells caused by squeezing of the testis during necropsy dissection. In the case of sloughing due to necropsy trauma, germ cells will not be seen in the epididymis. Germ cell exfoliation has been described as a predominant finding following administration of phthalate esters and microtubule inhibitors such as colchicine and the fungicide carbendazim.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
The term "germ cell exfoliation" should be reserved for those situations where there is extensive shedding of germ cells into the lumen as a predominant finding. In those situations, germ cell exfoliation should be diagnosed and graded and should be discussed in the pathology narrative if the incidence and/or severity appears to be related to chemical administration. Bilateral involvement should be diagnosed when present. If there is significant concurrent germ cell degeneration, that should also be diagnosed and given a severity grade.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0809.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0814.jpg

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