# 生精上皮变性（Germinal Epithelium Degeneration）

- 器官 / 系统：睾丸 / 雄性生殖系统（testis / reproductive-system-male）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0461
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/testis-germinal-epithelium-degeneration.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#testis-germinal-epithelium-degeneration
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/reproductive-system-male/testis/GerminalEpithelium-Degeneration
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
生精上皮变性是一个非特异性术语，通常包括多种退行性特征，如小管空泡化、生精细胞部分或节段性耗竭、退行性（多核或凋亡）生精细胞（通常不限于特定生精细胞类型或阶段），以及生精细胞层排列紊乱（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3、Figure 4）。

## 病变描述（中文）
生精上皮变性是一个非特异性术语，通常包括多种退行性特征，如小管空泡化、生精细胞部分或节段性耗竭、退行性（多核或凋亡）生精细胞（通常不限于特定生精细胞类型或阶段），以及生精细胞层排列紊乱（Figure 1、Figure 2、Figure 3、Figure 4）。根据严重程度，可能出现睾丸肉眼体积缩小和器官重量减轻。该病变可进展为生精细胞完全丧失，仅遗留由Sertoli细胞衬覆的收缩小管（见Testis - Germinal Epithelium - Atrophy）。生精小管常呈现混合性影响，部分显示变性，另一些已进展为萎缩。化学诱导的生精上皮变性可呈多灶性（multifocal）分布，但最常见为双侧病变，不同程度地累及大多数生精小管（Figure 1）。它也可以是任何年龄大鼠和小鼠的偶然性背景发现，但发生率随年龄增长而增加。取决于毒物不同，在短期研究（约14-28天）中，生精上皮变性的最早证据之前可能先出现特定的退行性特征，如空泡化或细胞及阶段特异性的生精细胞变性/耗竭。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
在常规毒性研究中，生精上皮变性应当被诊断和分级，并且如果它被认为是主要改变且发生率和/或严重程度似乎与化学物给药相关，则应当在病理学叙述中讨论。如果双侧睾丸均受累，诊断应当指明该病变为双侧性，严重程度应当基于受累更严重的睾丸。由于变性被认为是萎缩的前驱病变，应当诊断变性，除非大多数小管缺乏生精细胞，在这种情况下萎缩是首选诊断。伴随存在的部分生精上皮萎缩或生精细胞特异性变性/耗竭的证据可在病理学叙述中提及。如果同一项研究中使用了这两个术语，病理学家有责任在病理学叙述中描述这两种病变之间的关系。相关链接：Testis - Germinal Epithelium - Atrophy

## 英文原文 · Comment
Germinal epithelium degeneration is a nonspecific term that generally includes a number of degenerative features, such as tubular vacuolation, partial or segmental depletion of germ cells, degenerating (multinucleated or apoptotic) germ cells generally not restricted to a specific germ cell type or stage, and disordered arrangement of the germ cell layers ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , and Figure 4 ). Depending on severity, there may be a macroscopic reduction in size of the testis and a reduction in organ weight. The condition may progress to total loss of germ cells, leaving contracted tubules lined only by Sertoli cells (see Testis - Germinal Epithelium - Atrophy ). Frequently, there is a mixed effect on seminiferous tubules, with some showing degeneration and others having progressed to atrophy. Chemically induced germinal epithelium degeneration can be multifocal in distribution, but it is most often a bilateral lesion that affects most of the seminiferous tubules to varying degrees ( Figure 1 ). It can also be an incidental background finding in rats and mice of any age, but the incidence increases with age. Depending upon the toxicant, in short-duration studies (~14-28 days) the earliest evidence of germinal epithelium degeneration may be preceded by specific degenerative features, such as vacuolation or cell- and stage -specific degeneration/depletion of germ cells.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
In routine toxicity studies, germinal epithelium degeneration should be diagnosed and graded and should be discussed in the pathology narrative if it is considered the primary change and if the incidence and/or severity appears to be related to chemical administration. If both testes are affected, the diagnosis should indicate the condition is bilateral, and severity should be based on the more severely affected testis. Since degeneration is thought to be a precursor to atrophy, degeneration should be diagnosed unless the majority of the tubules are devoid of germ cells, in which case atrophy is the preferred diagnosis. The concomitant presence of some germinal epithelium atrophy or evidence that germ cell–specific degeneration/depletion is present can be mentioned in the pathology narrative. If both terms are used in a single study, it is incumbent upon the pathologist to describe the relationship between the two lesions in the pathology narrative. Related Links: Testis - Germinal Epithelium - Atrophy

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