# 囊肿（Cyst）

- 器官 / 系统：胸腺 / 免疫系统（thymus / immune-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0018
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/thymus-cyst.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#thymus-cyst
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/immune-system/thymus/Cyst
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
啮齿类动物的胸腺囊肿（Figure 1，箭头）代表胸腺管状结构的扩张或胸咽管残余。

## 病变描述（中文）
啮齿类动物的胸腺囊肿（Figure 1，箭头）代表胸腺管状结构的扩张或胸咽管残余。它们是大鼠和小鼠退化性和/或萎缩性胸腺中的常见所见。胸腺囊肿通常由立方至鳞状上皮细胞衬覆（Figure 2，箭头），这些细胞可具有纤毛，并含有数量不等的均质嗜酸性物质（Figure 2，箭头指示）。胸腺囊肿形成随年龄增长而更为显著，并与退化相关。囊肿形成在2岁雌性大鼠中可能比同龄雄性大鼠更常见。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
对于常规研究，仅当囊肿提示治疗相关改变时才应作出诊断。首选诊断术语为“胸腺 - 囊肿”。NTP研究中通常不对囊肿进行分级，但如果病理学家认为有必要充分描述对化学物质的反应，则可进行分级。如果存在一个以上囊肿，可在诊断中添加修饰词“multiple”。胸腺囊肿还应在病理学叙述中描述（例如，衬覆内皮的外观、位置、数量）。与另一病变相关的囊肿（例如，继发于胸腺萎缩）不应单独诊断，而应在病理学叙述中描述。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Thymic cysts ( Figure 1 , arrows) in the rodent represent either a dilatation of thymic tubular structures or remnants of the thymopharyngeal duct. They are common findings in the involuted and/or atrophied thymus glands of rats and mice. Thymic cysts are typically lined by cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells ( Figure 2 , arrow), which may be ciliated and contain variable amounts of homogeneous eosinophilic material ( Figure 2 , arrowhead). Thymic cyst formation becomes more prominent with age and is associated with involution. Formation of cysts may occur more commonly in 2-year-old female rats than in age-matched males.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
For routine studies, cysts should be diagnosed only when indicative of a treatment-related change. The preferred diagnostic term is "Thymus - Cyst." Cysts are not routinely graded in NTP studies, but they may be graded if the pathologist feels it is necessary to fully characterize the response to the chemical. If more than one cyst is present, the modifier "multiple" may be added to the diagnosis. Thymic cysts should also be described in the pathology narrative (e.g., appearance of lining endothelium, location, number). Cysts associated with another lesion (e.g., secondary to thymic atrophy) should not be diagnosed separately, but should be described in the pathology narrative.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0459.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0456.jpg

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