# 上皮增生（Hyperplasia Epithelial）

- 器官 / 系统：胸腺 / 免疫系统（thymus / immune-system）
- NTP 数据编号：ntp-0016
- 规范 URL：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp/thymus-hyperplasia-epithelial.html
- 中文图谱总页锚点：https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas.html#thymus-hyperplasia-epithelial
- 原始出处：https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/atlas/nnl/immune-system/thymus/HyperplasiaEpithelial
- 授权：美国联邦政府作品，公有领域；引用请标注 NTP Nonneoplastic Lesion Atlas
- 适用说明：仅供科研使用，不用于临床诊断

## 一句话结论
上皮增生常与胸腺的退化（involution）和/或萎缩（atrophy）相关，在某些啮齿动物品系中可能以相对较高的发生率出现。

## 病变描述（中文）
上皮增生常与胸腺的退化（involution）和/或萎缩（atrophy）相关，在某些啮齿动物品系中可能以相对较高的发生率出现。胸腺上皮增生见于髓质，可呈局灶性（focal）至弥漫性（diffuse）分布。上皮细胞呈立方状至柱状，胞质丰富、染色较浅，并可能具有纤毛。它们常形成小管（Figure 1，箭头）、带状或索状结构（Figure 1，箭头head）。小管内可含有数量不等的嗜酸性分泌物（Figure 2，箭头）。上皮性改变在雌性中比雄性更显著，在大鼠中比小鼠更显著。胸腺上皮增生的多形性变异与胸腺瘤的细胞形态谱相似。因此，胸腺上皮增生可能难以与早期良性胸腺瘤相区分。然而，胸腺瘤呈结节状并具有压迫性，而增生则不具有这些特征。

## 诊断与分级建议（NTP 共识，中文）
当胸腺上皮增生不与退化相关时，应当予以诊断并分级。

## 英文原文 · Comment
Epithelial hyperplasia is often associated with involution and/or atrophy of the thymus and may occur at relatively high incidences in some rodent strains. Thymic epithelial hyperplasia is found in the medulla and may be focal to diffuse. Epithelial cells are cuboidal to columnar, have paler-staining abundant cytoplasm, and may be ciliated. They often form tubules ( Figure 1 , arrow), ribbons, or cords ( Figure 1 , arrowhead). Tubules can contain variable amounts of eosinophilic secretory material ( Figure 2 , arrow). Epithelial changes are more prominent in females than in males and in rats more so than in mice. Pleomorphic variations of thymic epithelial hyperplasia are similar to the spectrum of cellular forms of thymoma. Consequently, thymic epithelial hyperplasia may be difficult to distinguish from early, benign thymomas. However, thymomas are nodular and compressing, whereas hyperplasias are not.

## 英文原文 · Recommendation
Epithelial hyperplasia in the thymus should be diagnosed and graded when not associated with involution.

## 配图
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0472.jpg
- https://www.labsmart.cn/ntp-atlas-images/ntp_0462.jpg

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